The current situation and perspective of feeding with a focus on a healthy diet with probiotics in animals are evaluated in the Ecuadorian Amazon conditions. Surveys were conducted in the Ecuadorian Amazon communities to determine the current and prospective situation in organic and healthy foods production. In the Amazon region, diagnoses indicate that, despite the large amount of natural resources, an important part of this population is subject to problems of availability, economic access and use of food that affecting their food security. The levels of agricultural production, with benefit, are very low and agro industrial processes for getting products, through processing, are scarce. It was evaluated Lactobacillus salivarius and Bacillus subtilis probiotic cultures as probiotic in broilers. These probiotic got better many indicators in the animals. In Lactobacillus salivarius, coliformes count was higher in the groups without probiotics, while total anaerobes were higher in the animals with probiotic. Bag of fabricio and the spleen weight were greater in those treated with the probiotic. The Newcastle vaccine antibodies did show differences among treatments where probiotics were applied. Cecal content pH was lower in the treatments with probiotics. Total fatty acids showed higher values in broilers with the probiotics, however, the acetic, butyric and propionic acid did not provide differences between treatments. Bacillus subtilis show a higher total anaerobes count in treatments with the cultures, while the coliform count decreased in these one. Lactobacillus spp and endospores were superior in the treatments Bacillus subtilis.
With the Geographic Information Systems methods (GIS), the occupation of the environmental system is diagnosed using communities' geo-positioning, spatial relationships analysis and cartographic representation. This is the sustainable local development basis in six rural communities in the ancestral territory of the original Kichwa Amazonian Ecuadorian nation, from Tzawata, at Northeast; until Veinticuatro de Mayo at Southwest, located in the low, middle and high levels of the Anzu River valley. The fieldwork includes interviews, surveys, discussion events, as well as the communities' 64 surveyed households georeferencing, and maps with official entities public data, available in the National Information System, the geo Ecuadorian state portal of open access to national reference cartography and the National Institute of Statistics and Census. The information collected allows the structural keys based establishment on the strengths and weaknesses that are faced, and short-term keys based on perceived opportunities and threats, which are summarized for the whole study area as an internal and external analysis. It is considered that the structural generalization and short-term keys from the strategic diagnosis does not mean that the impacts and responses are common to all the communities, which is evident in the differences reported in the surveys variables analyzed.
Amazonianand indigenous Ecuadorian households have on average less access to basic public services, infrastructure and higher education. With the objective of evaluating intercultural access and practice at the Universidad Estatal Amazónica (UEA), through documentary analysis, the databases of the academic teaching system are studied to determine the evolution in ethnic selfidentification in enrollment between the academic periods 2019-2019 to 2020-2021, two before the Covid-19 pandemic and two during it, and the specific guidelines proposed by Senescyt-Unesco for the mainstreaming of equality in Higher Education are compared with evidence of daily intercultural practices at UEA. The result indicates that enrollment by ethnic selfidentification is strengthened in the first period of the pandemic and weakened in the last period elapsed, due to availabilities in virtual education. Also, UEA has met 27 of the 38 guidelines established by Senescyt & Unesco (2015), with greater approximation of compliance in the academic, research, linkage and management areas, while the training and administrative areas have lower performance. In the Amazonian territory, so diverse and rich in culture and nature, the Ecuadorian university has yet to find mechanisms to train and strengthen interculturality, despite the fact that public standards for the quality of higher education fail to incorporate mechanisms to recognize the wisdom of indigenous peoples.
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