No abstract
The RUS parsing system provides a practical framework for natural language processing that is as flexible and extensible as a modular syntactic/semantic processor (such as LUNAR) and as efficient as a semantic grammar (such as the SOPHIE parser). RUS combines a large ATN grammar for English (with coverage greater than that of the LUNAR parser) with an interface that permits semantic interpretation to be performed efficiently during the parsing process. The interaction between the parser and the interpreter takes the form of a cascade [2] in which the interpreter receives information about syntactic constituents incrementally during the parsing process, and provides immediate feedback to the parser about the semantic acceptability of proposed syntactic structures. This results in an extremely efficient parser that has the advantages of both a syntax-first and a semantics-first approach.
How people perceive motion has been the subject of study of vision researchers for decades and it is well known that humans are highly sensitive to motion patterns (for a recent review see Blake and Lee, 2005]. Of particular interest is the finding that motion is processed by different subsystems in the brain than color [e.g. Livingstone and Hubel, 1988] suggesting that there may be relatively little interference between data displayed using motion and other data displayed using color. AbstractA relatively underutilized method for visualizing data is to map variables directly to the oscillatory motion of glyphs. When doing this, the most straightforward parameters to consider are the frequency, phase and amplitude of sinusoidal oscillation. We report the results of an experiment that used a staircase procedure to assess human sensitivity to the frequency, phase and amplitude of motion as a method for revealing two-dimensional spatial patterns in data. For comparison, we displayed the same targets using glyph color on a red-green scale and glyph value on a grey scale. Both large and small glyphs were used. Our results show that subjects were most sensitive to spatial patterns mapped to relative motion phase. Subjects were least sensitive to the frequency of oscillation. Grey scale and color mapping were ineffective when the glyphs were small but somewhat effective with larger glyphs. Various issues concerning the use of motion for data display are discussed.If motion is to be used for information display it generally makes the most sense for that motion to be anchored, oscillating about a fixed point [Bartram et al, 2003], because under normal circumstances the position of that point also conveys important information.A mathematically simple form of anchored motion is sinusoidal oscillation. As illustrated in Figure 1 the oscillation of a data point can be varied in its frequency, phase and amplitude of motion. It is also possible for such motion to be varied independently in both the x and y directions. But this does not mean that six parameters are available for data mapping because points moving at different frequencies will constantly be moving in and out of phase with one another. Thus effectively we can either vary the frequency and amplitude of motion, or the phase and amplitude of motion. We can do this in both the x and y directions, yielding four display parameters for simple sinusoidal motion on a plane. The study we present here, however, only mapped a single data variable to motion, although it redundantly resulted in both x and y motion.
In MemoriamWINTER 2017 85 n Danny Bobrow was a renowned computer and cognitive scientist, with many honors and firsts in his vita, but to those lucky enough to know him personally, his warmth, caring, and humor were at least as important as his undoubted creativity and intellectual ability. His brother Rusty, a long-time AI researcher himself, pays personal tribute to all these aspects of Danny's personality.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.