The focus of this study was to determine the relationship between asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits and fires in the state of California. Publicly available data of ED visits due to asthma, as well as occurrence of forest fires in California from 2005 to 2015 were obtained, where the California counties were grouped by region: North, Coastal, Motherload, Central, and South. There were no statistical differences with regards to acres of forest burned, but statistically significant differences were found (although small) with regards to ED visits due to asthma attacks by region (Motherload higher than South region). When evaluating the relationship of ED visits due to asthma and acres of forest burned, forest fires barely explained the variability of emergency department visits (r = f 0.05, p<0.01). With aims to establish a connection between natural disasters and respiratory distress, we faced obstacles in data limitations and confounding variables. This paper serves as a pilot study supporting the need for further exploration of environmental, health, and socio-demographic variables that interplay when evaluating relationships of natural disasters and incidence of chronic diseases, such as asthma. Grover RS, Kumar R: Exhaled carbon monoxide levels: as a marker of clinical severity and control of asthma. J Asthma. 2008; 45(8): 677-680. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 7. Burbank AJ, Sood AK, Kesic MJ, et al.: Environmental determinants of allergy and asthma in early life. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017; 140(1): 1-12. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 8. Breysse PN, Diette GB, Matsui EC, et al.: Indoor air pollution and asthma in children. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2010; 7(2): 102-106. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 9. Tzivian L: Outdoor air pollution and asthma in children. J Asthma. 2011; 48(5): 470-481. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 10. Cakmak S, Dales RE, Coates F: Does air pollution increase the effect of aeroallergens on hospitalization for asthma? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 129(1): 228-231. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
RATIONALE: Hurricane Maria (September 2017), caused extensive indoor wind-and water-damage to homes throughout Puerto Rico. This environmental hazard increases the risk for household occupants to chronic exposures to indoor pollution, which can result in chronic immune reactivity. We hypothesized that settled dust from water-damaged homes will induce a higher dose-dependent pro-inflammatory potential than nonwater damaged homes. METHODS: Settled dust samples were collected from homes (n550) within an affected community in San Juan, PR, one year after Hurricane Maria made landfall. Based on self-reported surveys, of 26 homes in areas from no external flooding, 13 had internal water damage; 24 homes were from in areas with external flooding (11 with some internal water damage and 13 had inside flooding). Settled dust water extracts were prepared, and diluted (3:10, 1:10, 3:100, 1:100) and non-diluted extracts were assessed for their pro-inflammatory potential based on the induced concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin(IL)-1b in the human wholeblood pyrogen assay. RESULTS: Undiluted extracts induced 24% to 46% higher IL-1b (p < 0.001) than diluted extracts, and extracts diluted 3:10 induced 17% higher (p 5 0.04 to 0.009) than 3:100 and 1:100. Extracts with the highest diluted retained IL-1b-inducing potential higher than baseline. Also, extracts from homes that self-reported inside flooding induced a higher dose-response (p < 0.05) than all other homes. CONCLUSIONS: Homes that self-reported been flooding during Hurricane Maria potentially increased the likelihood of exposure to indoor contaminants with the potential to induce pro-inflammatory immune activation in a dose-dependent manner.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common etiology of respiratory tract infections, especially under 3 years old. Two antigenically different RSV subtypes exist, A and B. We studied to determine whether RSV subtype is independently associated with increased disease severity. METHODS: We retrospectively collected the data from the medical records of children who were hospitalized with RSV infection, younger than 3 years old in Dong-A University Hospital between Sep. 2014 and Mar. 2019.We retrospectively collected the data from the medical records of children who were hospitalized with RSV infection, younger than 3 years old in Dong-A University Hospital between Sep. 2014 and Mar. 2019. RESULTS: RSV-A infection was 111 cases and RSV-B infection was 66 cases. In RSV-A and-B, pneumonia was the most common and bronchiolitis was next. There were no significant differences between two groups in the duration of admission, incidence of high fever(>398C). Incidence of tachypnea, incidence of SpO2 lower than 95% and incidence of ventilator care or oxygen therapy were similar between two groups. The patients with severity index over 8 scores are more in RSV-A than RSV-B. The laboratory findings including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio were similar between two groups. Under 12-months-old, the incidence of oxygen therapy is higher in the patients with RSV-A infection, lower lymphocyte counts and higher PCO2. CONCLUSIONS: The tendency of more severe clinical manifestation is in RSV-A infection. the incidence of oxygen therapy is higher in the patients with RSV-A infection, lower lymphocyte counts and higher PCO2.
RATIONALE: Hurricane Maria (September 2017), caused extensive indoor wind-and water-damage to homes throughout Puerto Rico. This environmental hazard increases the risk for household occupants to chronic exposures to indoor pollution, which can result in chronic immune reactivity. We hypothesized that settled dust from water-damaged homes will induce a higher dose-dependent pro-inflammatory potential than nonwater damaged homes. METHODS: Settled dust samples were collected from homes (n550) within an affected community in San Juan, PR, one year after Hurricane Maria made landfall. Based on self-reported surveys, of 26 homes in areas from no external flooding, 13 had internal water damage; 24 homes were from in areas with external flooding (11 with some internal water damage and 13 had inside flooding). Settled dust water extracts were prepared, and diluted (3:10, 1:10, 3:100, 1:100) and non-diluted extracts were assessed for their pro-inflammatory potential based on the induced concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin(IL)-1b in the human wholeblood pyrogen assay. RESULTS: Undiluted extracts induced 24% to 46% higher IL-1b (p < 0.001) than diluted extracts, and extracts diluted 3:10 induced 17% higher (p 5 0.04 to 0.009) than 3:100 and 1:100. Extracts with the highest diluted retained IL-1b-inducing potential higher than baseline. Also, extracts from homes that self-reported inside flooding induced a higher dose-response (p < 0.05) than all other homes. CONCLUSIONS: Homes that self-reported been flooding during Hurricane Maria potentially increased the likelihood of exposure to indoor contaminants with the potential to induce pro-inflammatory immune activation in a dose-dependent manner.
RATIONALE: Hurricane Maria (September 2017), caused extensive indoor wind-and water-damage to homes throughout Puerto Rico. This environmental hazard increases the risk for household occupants to chronic exposures to indoor pollution, which can result in chronic immune reactivity. We hypothesized that settled dust from water-damaged homes will induce a higher dose-dependent pro-inflammatory potential than nonwater damaged homes. METHODS: Settled dust samples were collected from homes (n550) within an affected community in San Juan, PR, one year after Hurricane Maria made landfall. Based on self-reported surveys, of 26 homes in areas from no external flooding, 13 had internal water damage; 24 homes were from in areas with external flooding (11 with some internal water damage and 13 had inside flooding). Settled dust water extracts were prepared, and diluted (3:10, 1:10, 3:100, 1:100) and non-diluted extracts were assessed for their pro-inflammatory potential based on the induced concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin(IL)-1b in the human wholeblood pyrogen assay. RESULTS: Undiluted extracts induced 24% to 46% higher IL-1b (p < 0.001) than diluted extracts, and extracts diluted 3:10 induced 17% higher (p 5 0.04 to 0.009) than 3:100 and 1:100. Extracts with the highest diluted retained IL-1b-inducing potential higher than baseline. Also, extracts from homes that self-reported inside flooding induced a higher dose-response (p < 0.05) than all other homes. CONCLUSIONS: Homes that self-reported been flooding during Hurricane Maria potentially increased the likelihood of exposure to indoor contaminants with the potential to induce pro-inflammatory immune activation in a dose-dependent manner.
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