The article considers the increase of machinability of austenitic steels by combining preliminary cold plastic deformation with the use of environmentally friendly lubricating and cooling fluids based on rapeseed oil. It is shown that by fusing plastic steels with a large amount of chromium, nickel and manganese, the Curie point can be reduced to room temperature. State diagrams of Fe - Mn and Fe - Cr - Ni systems after such transformations are considered. In the latter case, steels become suitable for products and technologies of the food industry, but they are difficult to process in mechanical technologies. The study of steels 12Х15G9ND (AISI 201) is given; 08X18H10 (AISI 304); 110G13L (A128). A mathematical model of the object of study was developed, where the process factors were cold plastic deformation (COD), lubricating and cooling fluid (MPC) and cutting speed. The optimization parameters were the shrinkage of the chips and the length of contact of the latter with the front surface of the tool. The equation of the mathematical model is given. A number of modern installations and methods of process research are described. Among the research methods, new ones are noted, in particular, methods of transverse compression, determination of the number of dislocations, spectral analysis, cutting of steels using MPAs of plant origin. The optimal brand of ecologically pure vegetable MPA is determined. It is rapeseed oil together with anti-emergency and anti-wear additives. The main physical and mechanical characteristics of cutting austenitic steels in the context of the impact of HPD together with MPA are presented: friction force, normal force, contact stress, contact pressure, contact length, coefficient of friction, angles of action and shear. It is shown that HPD with coolant reduces the cutting temperature by 30 - 50 ºC, and the components of the cutting forces by 30 – 50%. The effect of selected three main factors of the process on growth is studied. It is shown that the stress-strain state of the system "machined material - tool - chips" from the action of these factors approaches the specified state. That is, the intensity of growth decreases. The relationship between the main phenomena in the cutting of austenitic steels obtained in the study is presented. It is established that medium temperature tempering in a protective environment should be recommended to restore the initial performance properties of austenitic steels. The final finishing operation can be processing with an elastic tool made of superhard materials.
The method of manufacturing gears of embedding engagement with internal tines using cold plastic deformation is described. The method is executed by covering deforming stretching (reduction) on the shapes and mandrel. Material of the matrix (drafts) _ solid alloy ВК 15, mandrels - steel ХВГ, Х 12 МФ, P6M5 at hardness HRC 56-61; modules of internal tines- 05-5 mm, material of gear wheels - plastic metals 1 alloys with relative elongation of more than 3-5% The typical technological process on the basis of reduction with the finishing operation of helpless net nitration in the glow discharge is given.
The progressive process of processing deep openings of machine parts type sleeves on the basis of combined deformation - cutting forecasting is described. It has been shown that the optimal variant of the shell aperture processing is deformation - cutting stretching. During the work of the deforming part of the tool, the structural and low-alloyed plastic steels receive cold deformation strengthening. This reduces the intensity of build-up during cutting and improves the handling of the latter. A model of the interrelation of phenomena when cutting metal strengthened by cold deformation was constructed. The new construction of a combined deformation - a cutting tool for processing cylinder liners of hydraulic cylinders, as a power executive body of agricultural machinery hydrosystems, was developed and tested in production conditions.
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