Purpose
To investigate differences in the objective and subjective visual quality of patients with high myopia following implantable collamer lens V4c (ICL V4c) versus small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) early postoperatively.
Methods
This prospective analysis included 94 eyes of 57 patients (8 males) in the ICL V4c group (mean spherical equivalent (SE), −8.07 ± 1.03 dioptres (D)) and 103 eyes of 57 patients (13 males) in the SMILE group (mean SE, −7.85 ± 0.78 D). Refractive parameters and wavefront aberrations were recorded preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Subjective visual quality was scored with the Quality of Vision questionnaire, and operation satisfaction was evaluated 6 months postoperatively.
Results
At 6 months postoperatively, the efficacy index was 1.17 ± 0.16 in the ICL and 1.09 ± 0.20 in the SMILE group; the safety index was 1.21 ± 0.18 in the ICL and 1.12 ± 0.16 in the SMILE group. A significant increase in total higher‐order aberrations (HOAs) in both the ICL and SMILE groups was observed, but to a lesser degree in ICL (p < 0.05). In the ICL group, trefoil significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas in the SMILE group, coma, trefoil and spherical aberration significantly increased (p < 0.05). Glare, haloes and blurred vision had the highest incidences after both types of surgery, and postoperative haloes were significantly more common following ICL; 96.1% of ICL‐treated and 94.9% of SMILE‐treated patients were satisfied with their visual outcomes.
Conclusion
ICL V4c caused lower HOAs induction than SMILE. Despite the postoperative visual disturbances, both ICL and SMILE provided good efficacy, safety, predictability and high satisfaction in correcting high myopia.
Iron ion (Fe(3+)) which is the physiologically most abundant and versatile transition metal in biological systems, has been closely related to many certain cancers, metabolism, and dysfunction of organs, such as the liver, heart, and pancreas. In this Research Article, a novel Nile red derivative (NRD) fluorescent probe was synthesized and, in conjunction with polymer-modified core-shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), demonstrated in the detection of Fe(3+) ion with high sensitivity and selectivity. The core-shell UCNPs were surface modified using a synthesized PEGylated amphiphilic polymer (C18PMH-mPEG), and the resulting mPEG modified core-shell UCNPs (mPEG-UCNPs) show good water solubility. The overall Fe(3+)-responsive upconversion luminescence nanostructure was fabricated by linking the NRD to the mPEG-UCNPs, denoted as mPEG-UCNPs-NRD. In the nanostructure, the core-shell UCNPs, NaYF4:Yb,Er,Tm@NaGdF4, serve as the energy donor while the Fe(3+)-responsive NRD as the energy acceptor, which leads to efficient luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET). The mPEG-UCNPs-NRD nanostructure shows high selectivity and sensitivity for detecting Fe(3+) in water. In addition, benefited from the good biocompatibility, the nanostructure was successfully applied for detecting Fe(3+) in living cells based on upconversion luminescence (UCL) from the UCNPs. Furthermore, the doped Gd(3+) ion in the UCNPs endows the mPEG-UCNPs-NRD nanostructure with effective T1 signal enhancement, making it a potential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. This work demonstrates a simple yet powerful strategy to combine metal ion sensing with multimodal bioimaging based on upconversion luminescence for biomedical applications.
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