Background : Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are public health measures that aim to suppress the transmission of infectious diseases, including border restrictions, quarantine and isolation, community management, social distancing, face mask usage, and personal hygiene. This research aimed to assess the co-benefits of NPIs against COVID-19 on notifiable infectious diseases (NIDs) in Guangdong Province, China.Methods: Based on NID data from the Notifiable Infectious Diseases Surveillance System in Guangdong, we first compared the incidence of NIDs during the emergency response period (weeks 4-53 of 2020) with those in the same period of 2015-2019 and then compared that with the expected incidence during the synchronous period of 2020 for each city by using a Bayesian structural time series model. Findings: A total of 514,341 cases of 39 types of NIDs were reported in Guangdong during the emergency response period in 2020, which decreased by 50 •7% compared with the synchronous period during 2015-2019. It was estimated that the number of 39 NIDs during the emergency response in 2020 was 65 •6% (95% credible interval [CI]: 64 •0% -68 •2%) lower than expected, which means that 982,356 (95% CI: 913,443 -1,105,170) cases were averted. The largest reduction (82 •1%) was found for children aged 0-14 years. For different categories of NIDs, natural focal diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases had the greatest reduction (89 •4%), followed by respiratory infectious diseases (87 •4%), intestinal infectious diseases (59 •4%), and blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections (18 •2%). Dengue, influenza, and hand-foot-and-mouth disease were reduced by 99 •3%, 95 •1%, and 76 •2%, respectively. Larger reductions were found in the regions with developed economies and a higher number of COVID-19 cases.Interpretation: NPIs against COVID-19 may have a large co-benefit on the prevention of other infectious diseases in Guangdong, China, and the effects have heterogeneity in populations, diseases, time and space.
China is the largest carbon emitter in the world, with agricultural carbon emissions accounting for 17% of China’s total carbon emissions. Agricultural carbon emission reduction has become the key to achieving the “Double Carbon” goal. At the same time, the role of the digital economy in achieving the “dual carbon” goal cannot be ignored as an important engine to boost the high-quality development of China’s economy. Therefore, this paper uses the panel data of 30 provinces in mainland China from 2011 to 2019 to construct a spatial Durbin model and a mediation effect model to explore the impact of the digital economy on agricultural carbon intensity and the mediating role of agricultural technological progress. The research results show that: (1) China’s agricultural carbon intensity fluctuated and declined during the study period, but the current agricultural carbon intensity is still at a high level; (2) The inhibitory effect of the digital economy on agricultural carbon intensity is achieved by promoting agricultural technological progress, and the intermediary role of agricultural technological progress has been verified; (3) The digital economy can significantly reduce the carbon intensity of agriculture, and this inhibition has a positive spatial spillover effect. According to the research conclusions, the government should speed up the development of internet technology and digital inclusive finance, support agricultural technology research and improve farmers’ human capital, and strengthen regional cooperation to release the contribution of digital economy space.
This study compares the experiences of Shanghai in China and Los Angeles in the United States to illustrate four tension points in pandemic responses: immediacy versus thoroughness, transparency versus secrecy and security, centralization versus decentralization, and state-driven solutions versus coproduction. Based on the case analysis, strategic management and planning practices in six stages of pandemic response are recommended. The study also suggests research questions for future comparative research to examine more carefully how pandemic responses should vary due to institutional differences and local contextualization and adaptation.
Economic development and environmental protection are interdependent and interdependent. While vigorously developing the economy, environmental protection cannot be ignored. Enterprises are the main body to promote economic advancement. Consequently, it is extremely inevitable for policy makers to formulate scientific and reasonable sustainable development policies to drive the green development of enterprises. This paper studies the relationship between corporate green economic development and environmental policy by analyzing the impact of environmental policy on corporate competitiveness and innovation ability, using empirical analysis, data analysis and questionnaire methods. It is crucial to change the approach and improve the level of economic growth in the new economic advancement environment. The conventional approach of calculating economic gross and advancement foreground utilizing GDP and rate of economic growth is no longer appropriate given the present worldwide tendency that favors green and sustainable development. In order to achieve economic growth, it is required to develop accurate assessments of green economic efficiency indices that take into consideration how resource scarcity and environmental deterioration affect economic output. To contribute to China's coming green economic advancement and the execution of environmental legislation, it is thus imperative to thoroughly research the impacts of environmental legislation and green economic efficiency.
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