Sophora alopecuroides L. has great medicinal and ecological value in northwestern China. The host and its microbiota are mutually symbiotic, collectively forming a holobiont, conferring beneficial effects to the plant. However, the analysis of diversity, mycobiota composition, and the ecological function of endophytic fungi in the holobiont of S. alopecuroides is relatively lacking. In this article, the fungal community profiling of roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of S. alopecuroides (at the fruit maturity stage) from Huamachi and Baofeng in Ningxia, China were investigated based on the ITS1 region, using high-throughput sequencing technology. As a result, a total of 751 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained and further classified into 9 phyla, 27 classes, 66 orders, 141 families, 245 genera, and 340 species. The roots had the highest fungal richness and diversity, while the stems had the highest evenness and pedigree diversity. There also was a significant difference in the richness of the endophytic fungal community between root and seed (p < 0.05). The organ was the main factor affecting the community structure of endophytic fungi in S. alopecuroides. The genera of unclassified Ascomycota, Tricholoma, Apiotrichum, Alternaria, and Aspergillus made up the vast majority of relative abundance, which were common in all four organs as well. The dominant and endemic genera and biomarkers of endophytic fungi in four organs of S. alopecuroides were different and exhibited organ specificity or tissue preference. The endophytic fungi of S. alopecuroides were mainly divided into 15 ecological function groups, among which saprotroph was absolutely dominant, followed by mixotrophic and pathotroph, and the symbiotroph was the least. With this study, we revealed the diversity and community structure and predicted the ecological function of the endophytic fungi of S. alopecuroides, which provided a theoretical reference for the further development and utilization of the endophytic fungi resources of S. alopecuroides.

The efficient separation of CO2 from air remains an important and challenging goal for direct air capture (DAC). Herein, iron-containing 13X zeolite (Fe@13X) with an efficient separation of CO2 from the air was synthesized via a simple one-step in situ crystallization method. The results demonstrate that Fe@13X exhibited outstanding DAC performance (the CO2 capacity of Fe@13X was 0.64 mmol/g, much higher than the 13X zeolite under simulated air), which was attributed to the introduction of Fe atoms, effectively narrowing the 13X micropore channel. Moreover, the DAC adsorption performance of Fe@13X in the temperature range from 25 to 75 °C was explored by combined thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The results revealed that low temperatures were more favorable for the adsorption of CO2 with a high adsorption rate but less selectivity. Furthermore, Fe@13X showed a 3 times higher CO2 production (0.003 kgCO2/kgads·h) and 3.6 times lower desorption energy (0.005 kW h/kgCO2 ) than 13X zeolite in 400 ppm CO2 in N2. Finally, Fe@13X exhibited excellent cycle stability in simulated air and maintained its initial CO2 uptake in 10 consecutive cycles, showing the broad application prospects of materials in industrial adsorption and separation.

Solid amine adsorbents can efficiently adsorb CO2, but a significant problem is that amine groups are oxidized. In this research, tetraethylenepentamine‐impregnated MCM‐41 adsorbents (TEPA‐MCM‐41) were functionally modified with sulphur‐containing antioxidant 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole (described as antioxidant MB) and tns‐(2.4‐di‐tert‐butyl)‐phosphite (defined as antioxidant 168), respectively. The antioxidative degradation mechanism of 8% MB–50% TEPA‐MCM‐41 was analyzed by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (in situ DRIFT) spectrum and high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/mass). The CO2 adsorption capacity of 50% TEPA‐MCM‐41 was 4.30 mmol/g under 15% CO2/85% N2, but decreased to 1.38 mmol/g after oxidation at 100°C for 42 h under 95% N2/5% O2 certain condition. The CO2 capacity of 8% MB–50% TEPA‐MCM‐41 reduced from 3.90 to 2.86 mmol/g. After 30 adsorption cycles under 5% O2/15% CO2/80% N2, the capacity of 8% MB–50% TEPA‐MCM‐41 also only decreased by 16.8%, while 50% TEPA‐MCM‐41 decreased by 63.2%. The reason for the excellent antioxidant stability of 8% MB–50% TEPA‐MCM‐41 is that MB scavenged free radicals from amine oxidation and decomposed the hydroperoxides produced by free radical reactions. The hydroperoxides were decomposed into alcohols (non‐radical products), which were eventually oxidized to sulphonic compounds. The MB modification inhibited the oxidative degradation of solid amine adsorbents guided for the production of antioxidant‐efficient adsorbents.