An individual who commits two errors or more in drawing the clock hands deserves further investigation for a possible dementia. Normal hand placement on the clock drawing test does not exclude AD. However, when prevalence rates of dementia in community-dwelling older adults are considered, these results argue that normal clock hand placement indicates that dementia is unlikely.

There is sufficient validity evidence to support the utilisation of various types of assessment scores for final clinical grades at the end of an internal medicine rotation. Validity evidence should be examined for any final student evaluation system in order to establish the meaningfulness of the student assessment scores.

LOS was significantly longer in the delirium group (10 and 8 days, P = 0.001). Furthermore, the delirium group had higher in-hospital and 3-month mortality (P < 0.001). Factors significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in multivariate analysis were age more than 80 years (AOR 2.74, 95% CI 1.05-7.15), malignancy (AOR 3.11, 95% CI 1.16-8.33), severe illness (AOR 3.75, 95% CI 1.38-10.20) and delirium (AOR 7.34, 95% CI 1.51-35.69). Delirium remained a strong predictor for 3-month mortality in multivariate analysis with AOR of 3.33 (95% CI 1.45-7.62) CONCLUSIONS: Delirium was associated with prolonged hospital-stay and was the strongest predictor for mortality among older hospitalized patients. It requires serious attention from physicians, healthcare administrators and policy makers to implement an appropriate management plan for this high-burden issue.

Advance-care-planning has not been a popular concept among eastern countries despite of the growing awareness in western world. In order to provide optimal end-of-life care, the patients' wish is an essential component but unfortunately is often impossible to seek for when the time is approached. We surveyed older people attending Geriatric clinic at Siriraj Hospital to enquire their wishes concerning end-of-life in hoping of carry out proper care in this regard.All of the participants were Buddhism with mean age of 75.8 (7.8).Approximately half of subjects had less than 4 years of education, 75% were female and 31% rated themselves as being in good health. Majority of elderly wanted to know the truth of their physical condition, to be involved in decision making or name a decision maker. Freedom from suffering symptoms and unfinished business, presence of love one and being mentally aware near the time of death were attributes rated as highly important in most participants. 75% did not want to receive treatments to prolong life when chance of surviving is slim.Interestingly, 55% of elderly did not want to die at home and 32% did not wish to have any religious ritual conducted near the time of death.Having less than 4 years of education was the only factor that found to be significantly associated with unwilling to die at home with OR of 2.89 (95%CI 1.10 to 10.71) after adjusted in multivariate analysis.