Complicated catalysts or rigorous synthesis methods are commonly necessary for the synthesis of distyryl ketones and chalcones bearing phenolic hydroxyl groups. Boron trifluoride etherate can serve as a type of high-efficiency catalyst for the synthesis of those products, but it will be quickly deactivated by the produced water during the reactions. However, the addition of an excessive amount of this catalyst will lead to serious side reactions and waste. In this work, by promptly removing the water produced from the reactions with the aid of desiccants, the products distyryl ketone and chalcone bearing phenolic hydroxyl groups are synthesized in high yield, as exemplified by the synthesis of 1,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) penta-1,4-dien-3-one and 1,3-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one, each representing very typical types of phenolic hydroxyl groups containing distyryl ketones and chalcones. The effects of desiccant species and dosages have been studied. On this basis, the species of desiccant is optimized as CaCl 2 , and then its proper dosage and the corresponding optimal reaction conditions are achieved.
There is still a lack of deep understanding on the reaction kinetics and mechanism of thiol etching of gold. Herein, by using the sensor of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as the sacrificial probe, the etching reaction of gold has been studied by employing cysteamine (CS) as a typical thiol etchant. The etching reaction is verified as diffusion-controlled and shows a half-order reaction kinetics. It is demonstrated that intact thiol and amino on CS are both crucial for its etching ability to gold.Applied potentials can affect the electron transfer and hence can be used to regulate the gold etching. Our results also reveal that only two carbon atoms of the spacer between thiol and amino on CS are very critical to the excellent etching ability. This work exhibits a new route to explore the thiol etching reaction of gold and elucidates the reaction kinetics and mechanism.
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