The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of situational awareness (SA) training in a shooting simulator. Forty 1st-year students from the Norwegian Police University College participated in this study. They were divided into 2 groups and matched with respect to sex and previous weapon experience. The SA-trained group received scenario-based training with freeze technique and reflection based on the
While the construction sector is a major consumer of new raw materials, it also contributes largely to waste generation. Therefore, improved estimates of demolition waste and the identification of components and materials for reuse or recycling are an important prerequisite for better waste management in the construction sector. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences and possibilities between static bottom-up models and parametric BIM-integrated bottom-up models for material flow analyses to predict the building material composition of historical building typologies. Findings are, when comparing the predictive capabilities of the pre-audit model with a novel implementation of a generative parametric model, that we see a drastic improvement in the error-reduction. The test models and test cases are based on limited data but given the significance of the magnitude of variance between the two models, there is a strong indication that the most precise modelling approach is obtained when utilizing a parametric model based on historical building traditions. In contrast, the use of normal static prediction-based modelling is hard to justify since data on demolition waste is of poor quality. Combining the two modelling approaches might present a new alternative to reduce factor errors in predictions of demolition waste and create a foundation for better pre-demolition audits and BIM models for material passports.
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With new knowledge on current trends in construction and demolition, circular design strategies can be adapted to recent developments in construction, thereby providing knowledge about the potential for reducing global warming, resource consumption, and the amount of construction waste. By examining data from public registers on historical demolitions and building statistics, it is possible to examine the patterns in demolished buildings to uncover which building factors may influence whether buildings are demolished or renovated. In the following, data from demolitions in Denmark will be linked to data for newly built and existing buildings. The results show that factors initiating demolition are distributed differently between high- and low-population areas. Furthermore, the increase in new forms of construction means that circular design strategies such as reuse, recycling, and adaptive reuse can only cover a small proportion of the need for new construction.
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