Today, childrens reading ability is seen as an increasingly important personal skill, helping individuals to absorb information and export it as well. While a large number of studies have analyzed the effects of a specific family factor on children's reading ability, few review-type articles have summarized and generalized multiple influences. Thus, this paper analyzes the literature in the past 30 years on family factors that influence children's reading ability from 3 major mediating roles--family socioeconomic status, family cultural environment, and family psychological atmosphere. On this basis, this paper proposes multidimensional practical suggestions, for the family and society regarding the development of children's reading ability, which includes separate advice for children in lower grades and children in higher grades. Effective parent-participate cultural activities may especially work on the development of younger childrens reading comprehension, while the capability of independent reading is essential for children in higher grades. Finally, the author offers an outlook for future researchers.
Background With the aggravation of social competition and work burden pressure, the health condition of the middle-aged and above population in China has declined significantly. Frailty can be used as a criterion for evaluating a person's unhealthy state. However, there is limited data on the prevalence and related factors of frail status in Chinese middle-aged and older people.The objective of this study was to explore the correlation between frail status, chronic diseases, abnormal physical examination indicators among middle-aged and older populations. Methods Participants were 9,985 community-dwelling adults over the age of 40 years living in China. Data were from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey which was a nationally representative sample and frailty phenotype was based on Fried frailty criteria. We analyzed the demographics of participants and multivariate-adjusted related factors for frail and pre-frail population. Results The overall prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.8, 3.5) and 53.66% (95% CI: 52.7, 54.6) among the general Chinese population aged 40 years or older. Hypertension (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.593), pain (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.5), and hip fracture (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 4.4) were associated with prevalent frailty. Relative factors for frailty also included increased cystatin C (OR: 4.5, 95% CI: 3.0, 6.7) and glycated hemoglobin (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.4), as well as decreased peak expiratory flow (OR: 0.993, 95% CI: 0.991, 0.994). Conclusions Fried-defined frailty and pre-frailty are highly prevalent in the Chinese population over 40 years older. Hypertension, pain, hip fracture, low education, and underweight are major related factors for frailty. The decrease in peak expiratory flow and the increase in cystatin C and glycated hemoglobin are good indicators for detecting frailty. Thus, frailty is an increasingly common condition and will become a major important health issue for people over middle age.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.