Alkali metals (Na, Rb or Cs) co-doped with fiber-and bulk-shaped KNbO 3 single crystals were grown using two original methods by means of doping together of small ionic Na and large ionic Rb or Cs into KNbO 3 . Single-phase crystals could be grown with an orthorhombic system at room temperature as well as pure KNbO 3 . Piezoelectric and ferroelectric property changes by the co-doping of Rb or Cs with Na were estimated using d 33 values and a polarization-electric field hysteresis curve in fiber-and bulk-shaped crystals.
Potassium niobate crystal KNbO 3 (KN) is a well-known crystal for lead free piezoelectric or nonlinear optical applications. The KN crystal has been studied in both single crystal form and in thin film form which has resulted in many review articles being published. In order to exceed the KN crystal, it is important to study KN phase forming and doping effects on the K site. This article summarizes the authors' study towards a multiple alkali metal doped KN crystal and related single crystals briefly from the viewpoint of crystal growth.
Potassium-sodium-rubidium niobate single crystals are grown using an original pulling down method, to improve their composition change during a crystal growth, by means of co-doping of small ionic size sodium and large ionic size rubidium into potassium niobate. Even by the co-doping, single crystals can be grown with orthorhombic single-phase at room temperature, as well as pure potassium niobate. Their electric properties, such as the dielectric constant and the impedance, are changed depending on the doping ions.
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