Effects of gender and employment situation on weight loss and lifestyle modification were
assessed in a 3-month intervention study done for overweight and obesity. A total of 384
individuals in Izumo City Japan, participated from 2000 to 2006. Lifestyle modifications
were quantitatively evaluated by calculating calories of energy intake and expenditure.
Eleven men and 15 women failed to complete the intervention; they were significantly
younger in both genders, and the women had a higher rate of employment than the completing
group (91 men and 267 women). Intervention induced a weight loss of 1.9 kg for men and 1.6
kg for women, with no significant differences by gender. Significant differences were
found in changes in energy intake and expenditure in both genders, but these disappeared
after adjusting for weight. There were significant decreases in weight (1.6 kg in
unemployed, 2.5 kg in employed) in men. Increases in walking and exercise for the employed
were smaller than those for the unemployed. The relationship between changes in weight and
energy balance by employment status was independently significant using multiple
regression analysis. Employment is associated with difficulty in losing weight due to
limited exercise time in behavioral intervention.
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