Pakistan’s automobile industry is small in Asia but its growth is the fastest in this region. This industry contributes 30 billion rupees to national exchequer through taxes and contributes around 2.8 percent in GDP. Hence, it is imperative to study the economic factors that are responsible for influencing this industry in this country. The present study is a quest in this domain. Economic factors that determine car sales such as GDP growth, CPI inflation, interest rate, exchange rate, unemployment rate, and fuel prices are used. The period of this study is from 1999-2021. ARDL modeling approach is used to test and estimate the potential cointegrating relationship between the aforementioned variables. Results of this study showed that car sales are affected by changes in the interest rate and unemployment rates in the short run. Factors such as GDP growth, CPI inflation, unemployment rate, and petrol prices significantly affect the car sales in the long run. The performance of automobile industry may be improved by open up domestic market to cut the import bill and to protect the local industry from foreign competition for the benefit of consumers.
This study gives details of the interrelationship among important socioeconomic variables and food security status in Pakistan. The major socio-economic explanatory variables; education, livestock, poverty, receipts of foreign remittances, and female house-head status were analyzed against food security. The data was derived from Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement survey dataset 2019-20. A binary logistic model has been applied for the estimation of poverty and food security indices. The study results showed that education, livestock, foreign remittances, and female house-head have a positive significant impact on food security while poverty has a negative and significant impact on food security. The study recommendations are that government must focus to increase agriculture growth, increased dependence on livestock, foreign remittances, and education.
This study was conducted to find the impact of capital structure and liquidity condition on the profitability of pharmaceutical firms listed with Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The dataset was comprised of eleven years 2010 to 2021. To assess profitability level, to dimensions return on assets (ROA) and gross profit margin (GPM) were used. The capital structure was measured through debt to equity ratio (DER) and debt to total funds (DTF). The liquidity level was measured through current ratio (CR) and acid test ratio (ATR). The OLS regression, fixed and random effect models were used for analysis. The findings proved that high debt to equity ratio significantly and negatively affect the profitability. The liquidity conditions have positive association with profitability of firms. The study suggested that owners and company managers should use optimal value of debt and liquidity conditions for profit maximization and to reduce the cost associated with debt capital.
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