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This review provides a clear understanding of the ROS role in tumor treatment and some thoughts for potential cancer prevention.

This paper reviews the synthesis and biomedical applications of bismuth complexes with unusually low toxicity and excellent clinical performances, summarizes their main synthesis methods, and biomedical applications as drugs for the therapeutic treatment of gastrointestinal disease, Helicobacter pylori infection, and various cancers; especially, describes the development of bismuth-based MOFs in the drug delivery and potential application in cancer treatment. *Corresponding authors.A variety of bismuth complexes have been extensively explored in biomedical applications. The well-known low toxicity and environmental friendliness of bismuth salts make them valuable for large-scale synthesis of various bismuth-based complexes, which become more significant as active pharmaceutical ingredients of medical products. Bismuth complexes have been widely and preferably used in biomedicine with satisfactory therapeutic effect, which is highlighted in this review. However, their synthesis methods have been scarcely summarized. The classification of the main synthesis methods of bismuth complexes has been done here, followed by updates of the relevant advances concerning applications in biomedicine such as therapeutic effect on gastrointestinal diseases, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, and the description of the side effect and biotoxicity resulting from long-term use of bismuth as well. Bismuth containing metal-organic frameworks, newly developed bismuth-based materials, are also discussed here, becoming a hot research topic recently. An outlook for future study on the potential use of bismuth complexes in biomedicine is provided in the end.

Overtreatment as a crucial modern medicine issue needs to be urgently addressed. Theranostic agents supply a unique platform and integrate multiple diagnosis and therapies to deal with this issue. In this study, a core-shell MnS@BiS nanostructure was fabricated via two step reactions for tri-modal imaging guided thermo-radio synergistic therapy. The mass ratio between the core and shell of the constructed MnS@BiS can be precisely controlled via cation exchange reaction. After surface PEGylation, MnS@BiS-PEG nanoparticles exhibited excellent aqueous medium dispersibility for bioapplications. Based on the r and r relaxivity obtained from the MnS core and the strong near-infrared absorption and X-ray attenuation abilities of the BiS shell, the intratumoral injected MnS@BiS-PEG can realize in vivo magnetic resonance, computer tomography, and photoacoustic tumor imaging under a single injection dose. Hyperthermia significantly boosts the efficacy of radiation therapy, showing synergistic tumor treatment efficacy. No obvious toxicity is monitored for the treated mice. Our study not only provides a new way to precisely construct the core-shell nanocomposite, but also presents a unique theranostic platform and unifies the solutions for the challenges related with high injection dose and overtreatment.