The literature on the relationship between environmental regulations (ERs) and environmental performance (EP) of firms has largely ignored consideration of different types of ERs. This study uses the literature to differentiate three types of ERs (command-and-control ERs, market-based ERs and informal regulations) and investigate the positive links between different types of ERs and EP. This study further investigates (i) the potential non-linear relationships and (ii) whether the specific ERs-EP link varies across different regions of China (Eastern and Inland). The results provide support for considering different types of ERs, while there is no evidence of a positive relationship with EP when ERs are taken together; there is evidence of a non-linear relationship between command-and-control ERs and EP, and, market-based ERs and EP. The relationship between informal regulations and EP is neutral. In addition, the link between market-based ERs and EP varies across two regions, whereas the link between command-and-control ERs and EP, and the link between informal regulations and EP do not vary across different regions. The results highlight the differing emphasis of enforcing regulations in various parts of China, and provide some valuable implications.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were playing critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, in prostate cancer, the roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs especially ANRIL were largely unknown. We investigated the effects of ANRIL on the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells using CCK-8 assay and Transwell migration assay. Real-time PCR and western blotting assays were used to analyze the levels of ANRIL, let-7a, TGF-β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad7. Our results showed that ANRIL was significantly overexpressed in prostate cancer tissues compared with corresponding normal tissues. Knockdown of ANRIL significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer LNCap, PC3 and DU145 cells. Knockdown of ANRIL significantly decreased the levels of TGF-β1 and p-Smad2, and increased the level of p-Smad7 in prostate cancer LNCap cells. We further found that knockdown of ANRIL significantly enhanced the expression of let-7a, and rescue experiment found that let-7a inhibitor recovered the suppressive effects of ANRIL silencing on the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer LNCap, PC3 and DU145 cells. And let-7a inhibitor recovered the suppressive effects of ANRIL silencing on the activity of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in prostate cancer LNCap cells. Taken together, our findings indicated that overexpression of lncRNA ANRIL promoted the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells via regulating let-7a/TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
Chiral hybrid metal halides with a high dissymmetry factor (glum) and a superior photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) are promising candidates for circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) light sources. Here, we report eight new chiral hybrid manganese halides, crystallizing in the non‐centrosymmetric space group P212121 and showing intense CPL emissions. Oppositely‐signed circular dichroism (CD) and CPL signals are detected according to the R‐ and S‐configurations of the chiral alkanolammonium cations. Time‐resolved PL spectra show long averaged decay lifetimes up to 1 ms for (R‐3‐quinuclidinol)MnBr3 (R‐1). The glum of polycrystalline samples for coordinated structures (23×10−3) is more than doubled compared with the non‐coordinated ones (8.5×10−3), due to the structural variations. R‐1 exhibit both a high glum and a high PLQY (50.2 %). The effective chirality transfer mechanism through coordination bonds, with strongly emissive MnII centers, enables a new class of high‐performance CPL materials.
The contribution of environmental investments (EIs) to environmental performance (EP) is a lively topic for environmental researchers across the world. In spite of huge amount of research, there is still lack of clarity on the moderating factors that affect the role played by EI. In this study, we distinguish EI into pollution control investments (PCIs) and pollution prevention investments (PPIs). We further investigate whether institutional environment and foreign direct investment (FDI) can play their moderating effects both on the relationship between EI and EP and on the relationships between different types of investments and EP or not. The results indicate that EI has a positive effect on EP. More specifically, PPI plays a stronger positive role in EP, but PCI does not have a significant effect on EP. In addition, both institutional environment and FDI can strengthen the positive impact of EI on EP. The increase of EI in regions with better institutional environment or high FDI can lead to greater improvement in EP. These moderating effects of institutional environment and FDI are also confirmed on the link between PPI and EP. In summary, our results reinforce the existing views that EI, and specifically PPI, can improve EP but further contribute to the understanding of the positive moderating roles played by the institutional environment and FDI on the link between EI and EP. K E Y W O R D S environmental investments, environmental performance, foreign direct investment, institutional environment, pollution control investments, pollution prevention investments 1 | INTRODUCTION How to address the environmental problems caused by the economic development is a common problem faced by the whole world. Over the past 40 years, China has made remarkable achievements in economic development. However, the environmental problems caused by the rapid economic development are still serious (Ai, Hu,
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