This work describes a new one-step large-scale electrochemical synthesis of graphene/polyaniline (PANI) composite fi lms using graphite oxide (GO) and aniline as the starting materials. The size of the fi lm could be controlled by the area of indium tin oxide (ITO). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum (UV-vis) results demonstrated that the graphene/PANI composite fi lm was successfully synthesized. The obtained graphene/PANI composite fi lm showed large specifi c area, high conductivity, good biocompatibility, and fast redox properties and had perfect layered and encapsulated structures. Electrochemical experiments indicated that the composite fi lm had high performances and could be widely used in applied electrochemical fi elds. As a model, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was entrapped onto the fi lm-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and used to construct a biosensor. The immobilized HRP showed a pair of well-defined redox peaks and high catalytic activity for the reduction of H 2 O 2 . Furthermore, the graphene/ PANI composite fi lm could be directly used as the supercapacitor electrode. The supercapacitor showed a high specifi c capacitance of 640 F g − 1 with a retention life of 90% after 1000 charge/discharge cycles.

The authors report molecular evidence that co-infection with BKV and SV40 occurs in renal transplant patients with PVN, suggesting that SV40 may contribute to PVN after renal transplant.

Abstract. Simian virus 40 (SV40), a monkey polyomavirus that is believed to have entered the human population through contaminated vaccines, is known to be renotropic in simians. If indeed SV40 is endemic within the human population, the route of transmission is unknown. It was therefore hypothesized that SV40 might be renotropic in humans and be detected more frequently in samples obtained from patients with kidney diseases. This study found that typical polyomavirus cytopathic effects (CPE) were present and SV40

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