The Sox transcription factor family plays an important role in various biological processes such as animal sex determination and multiple organ development. We used online databases to analyze the gene structure, chemical characteristics, and evolutionary relationship of Sox family genes through bioinformatics, and we studied the expression profiles and regulatory mechanisms of Sox family genes. A total of 29 rainbow trout Sox genes were identified. The phylogenetic analysis found that Sox genes of rainbow trout were clustered in seven subfamilies (B1, B2, C, D, E, F and H), and the gene structure of each subfamily was relatively conserved. Furthermore, Sox1, Sox4, Sox6, Sox8, Sox9, Sox11, Sox17, Sox18, and Sox19 developed into two copies, which might be the result of teleost fish-specific genome replication. Multiple HMG box domain alignments indicated that the motifs for all Sox sequences are conserved. Gene expression studies reveal that Sox expression is tissue-specific and that multiple Sox genes are involved in rainbow trout gonad and central nervous system development. Our study provides valuable information on the evolution of teleosts, and will also help to further research the functional characteristics of Sox genes.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important component of non-specific immunity and play a key role in cellular host defense against pathogens and tissue damage infections. We investigated the effects of AMP supplementation on the antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and intestinal microbiota of tsinling lenok trout. Different diets (CT, A120, A240 and A480) containing graded levels of AMP peptides (0, 120 mg kg− 1, 240 mg kg− 1, 480 mg kg− 1) were feed to 240 fish for 8-weeks. Our study findings showed that the activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), lysozyme (LZM), catalase (CAT) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the A240 and A480 group were higher than that in the CT group (P < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in AMP group was significantly lower than that in CT group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we harvested the midgut and applied next-generation sequencing of 16S rDNA. The results showed that the abundance of Halomonas in AMP group was significantly lower than that in CT group. Functional analysis showed that the abundance of chloroalkane and chloroalkene degradation pathway increased significantly in AMP group. In conclusion, AMP enhanced the antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity, and intestinal health of tsinling lenok trout.
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