Purpose: A prospective cohort study to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake and the risk of cataract. Methods: We included 72,160 participants who were free of cataract at baseline from the UK Biobank. Frequency and type of F&V intake were assessed using a web-based 24 h dietary questionnaire from 2009 to 2012. Development of cataract during the follow-up was defined by self-report or hospital inpatient records up to 2021. Cox proportional regression models were used to estimate the association between F&V intake and incident cataract. Results: During a mean follow-up of 9.1 years, 5753 participants developed cataract with a corresponding incidence of 8.0%. After adjusting for multiple demographic, medical and lifestyle covariates, higher intake of F&V were associated with a lower risk of cataract (≥6.5 vs. <2 servings/week: hazards ratio [HR]: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.89; P < 0.0001). Regarding specific types, significant reduced risk of cataract was found for higher intake of legumes (P = 0.0016), tomatoes (≥5.2 vs. <1.8 servings/week: HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.00), and apple and pear (>7 vs. <3.5 servings/week: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.94; P < 0.0001), but not for cruciferous vegetables, green leafy vegetables, berry, citrus fruit or melon. Smokers were found to benefit more from F&V intake than former and never smokers. Men also could benefit more from higher vegetable intake than women. Conclusions: More F&V intake, especially legumes, tomatoes, apple, and pear, was associated with a lower risk of cataract in this UK Biobank cohort.

Purpose: To investigate the association between fruit and vegetable (F&V) intakeand the risk of cataract. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: We included 72,160 participants who were free of cataract at baseline from the UK Biobank. Frequency and type of F&V intake were assessed using a web-based 24-h dietary questionnaire from 2009 to 2012. Development of cataract during the follow-up was defined by self-report or hospital inpatient records up to 2021. Cox proportional regression models were used to estimate the association between F&V intake and incident cataract. Results: During a mean follow-up of 9.1 years, 5753 participants developed cataract with a corresponding incidence of 8.0%. After adjusting for multiple demographic, medical and lifestyle covariates, higher intake of F&V were associated with a lower risk of cataract (≥6.5 vs. <2 servings/week: hazards ratio [HR]: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.89; P < 0.0001). Regarding specific types, significant reduced risk of cataract was found for higher intake of legumes (P = 0.0016), tomatoes (≥5.2 vs. <1.8 servings/week: HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.00), and apple and pear (>7 vs. <3.5 servings/week: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.94; P < 0.0001), but not for cruciferous vegetables, green leafy vegetables, berry, citrus fruit or melon. Smokers were found to benefit more from F&V intake than former and never smokers. Men also could benefit more from higher vegetable intake than women. Conclusions: More F&V intake, especially legumes, tomatoes, apple and pear was associated with lower risk of cataract in this UK Biobank cohort.

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As intraocular pressure (IOP) is primarily higher in the morning, an evening dose of prostaglandin analogs is typically used as monotherapy to decrease IOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Travoprost (TV) has reported efficacy in treating open-angle glaucoma; however, the safety and efficacy may be different compared with that for latanoprost (LT). The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of an evening dose of TV compared with that of LT in treating open-angle glaucoma. Data including IOP, results of lid and slit-lamp examination and ophthalmoscopy, as well as adverse effects in 250 affected eyes from patients with open-angle glaucoma who received either TV (n=89) or LT (n=161) once in the evening for 3-months were included in the analyses. At the end of treatment, TV (23.45±1.52 vs. 19.15±1.01 mmHg; P<0.0001) and LT (23.93±2.11 vs. 19.45±1.11 mmHg; P<0.0001) successfully lowered the IOP. In addition, there was no significant difference in the reduction of IOP values at the end of treatment between the two groups (P= 0.120). Furthermore, there were no adverse effects on visual acuity (P>0.05), except for non-visual acuity, for example hyperemia (P<0.0001 for both groups), while there was a significant increase in the number of patients with dry eyes receiving TV (P= 0.020) and a significant increase with eyelid swelling (P= 0.036) and headache (P=0.037) in patients receiving LT. In conclusion, evening doses of TV and LT had the same efficacy and manageable adverse effects in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma (level of evidence, 3).

Purpose: To investigate the effect of different laser energy settings, including varying combinations of energy and spot distance setting, on the formation of opaque bubble layers in the first stage of preoperative and postoperative visual quality in patients with myopia and astigmatism. Methods: A total of 72 patients were enrolled in this study. They all had myopia and/or astigmatism and had undergone small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in both eyes between April 2021 and February 2022 at Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China. They were randomly assigned to four groups of 18 patients each. The energy parameters were set in the four groups, with a pulse energy of 120 or 130 nJ and spot distance of 3.0 μm or 4.5 μm. The indices assessed included formation of opaque bubble layer in the first stage after surgery, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA), higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and visual sensitivity under different light levels at 3 months postoperatively. Results: Total HOAs at 3 months were smaller, and contrast sensitivity at various luminance levels under specific spatial frequencies was better when the laser energy was set to 120 nJ and the spot distance was set to 4.5 μm when compared with the laser energy set at 130 nJ and spot distance set at 3.0 μm, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Lower energy and larger spot spacing laser settings produce better visual outcomes for patients, and also affect the formation of a first-stage opaque bubble layer, which is a useful laser for clinical ophthalmologists during SMILE surgery. The energy setting provides a reliable basis to achieve better visual outcomes for patients after surgery.