By a solid-state process, well-crystallized BaTiO3 (BT) particles with their average grain size below 0.2 μm were obtained. Wet and dry mechanical pretreatment processes were combined to obtain fine particulate mixture comprising BaCO3 and TiO2 with the highest possible homogeneity without causing appreciable agglomeration. Degree of homogenization was quantitatively evaluated by different microscopic techniques, in an attempt to optimize nuclei-growth processes. Reaction processes were discussed on the basis of thermal analyses in conjunction with the particulate morphology. The granulometrical and crystallographical properties of the present particulate products are comparable with or even superior to commercially available high-valued products fabricated via a hydrothermal or sol-gel route.
Well‐dispersed barium titanate (BaTiO3; BT) with an average primary particle size <200 nm and lattice tetragonality 1.010, being very close to that of a BT single crystal, was obtained via a solid‐state route with the aid of preliminary dry mechanical processing. The latter treatment not only activates the starting mixture but also decreases the particle sizes of individual ingredients and increases the homogeneity. All these favor to suppress grain growth of the product BT due to increasing nucleation site density, easing the nucleation at the given nucleation site, and decreasing the diffusion paths. These were confirmed by (i) microscopy and particle size analysis to observe downsizing of individual particulates without causing agglomeration; (ii) electron probe microanalysis to reveal increase in the homogeneity in a few micrometer regime; and (iii) X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to reveal mechanochemical effects across the solid–solid boundary of dissimilar particles.
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