Overcoming apoptosis resistance to achieve efficient breast cancer treatment remains a challenge. The precise induction of another form of programmed cell death, pyroptosis, is an excellent alternative for treating cancer. Ultrasound (US)‐enhanced enzyme dynamic (enzyodynamic) therapy is developed by employing LaFeO3 (LFO) perovskite nanocrystals as a substrate to increase the rate of deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation for intensive cell pyroptosis. LFO nanocrystals possess quadruple enzyme‐mimicking activities, including oxidase‐, peroxidase‐, glutathione peroxidase‐, and catalase‐mimicking activities, which undertake the dominant therapeutic task through cascade catalytic reactions, including the reversal of hypoxic microenvironment, depletion of endogenous glutathione, and continuous output of ROS. US exogenous stimulation increases the transition rate of the intermediate complex to Fe (II) and favors incremental ROS production, by which the ROS burst‐induced pyroptosis process is accomplished through the ROS‐TXNIP‐NLRP3‐GSDMD pathway. Both in vitro and in vivo antineoplastic outcomes affirm the ascendancy of LFO nanozyme‐induced pyroptosis. This work highlights the critical role of US coupled with nanocatalytic reactors in pyroptosis‐dominant breast cancer treatment with the apoptosis resistance circumvention feature.

An N-bromosuccinimide-catalyzed intermolecular annulation of acetyl indoles with alkynes was developed, allowing for regioselective formation of valuable carbazoles through direct C-H bond functionalization. The readily available catalyst, wide substrate scope, gram scale synthesis, and mild conditions make this method practical. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the bromination of acetyl indole takes place to generate a bromide intermediate, followed by coupling with an alkyne and intramolecular cycloaromatization to furnish carbazole products.

U S has been used not only to guide percutaneous lung biopsy but also to provide diagnostic evidence for differential diagnosis of subpleural pulmonary lesions (SPLs) for decades (1,2). We define subpleural lesions as those that touch or are very near the visceral pleural surface but are not in the pleural space (3-7). However, B-mode US has limited diagnostic value because benign and malignant SPLs have similar echo texture, shape, and outer margins (2).Contrast-enhanced (CE) US is a simple and safe ultrasonic technique capable of microcirculation visualization, and it has been used to improve the differential diagnosis of . It can display the perfusion pattern, intensity, time, and necrotic area of the lesion, among which the parameter time is believed to be the most potent indicator (6,7). Studies have indicated that malignant tumor tissues often (56%-87% of the time) invade the pulmonary artery of the affected lung segment, leading to pulmonary artery stenosis or occlusion, and the blood supply to the ischemic lung tissue is supplemented by the bronchial arteries (13). This abnormal change could be identified by the CE US time indicators (6,7).After intravenous injection, the US contrast agent arrives in the right side of the heart first, then goes into the pulmonary artery. After pulmonary circulation, the contrast agent enters the left side of the heart, then is pumped into the bronchial artery (Fig E1 [online]) ( 14). Therefore, the pulmonary artery enhances earlier than the bronchial artery (4,5). The arrival time (AT) is the time taken for US contrast agent to arrive at the target area after injection. It varies depending on the fraction of blood from the pulmonary artery and the bronchial artery, enabling the distinction of benign and malignant SPLs Background: US has proven valuable in the diagnosis of subpleural pulmonary lesions (SPLs); however, existing US indicators have limitations.Purpose: To propose and validate a revised contrast-enhanced (CE) US indicator for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant SPLs and to compare its performance with existing CE US diagnostic criteria. Materials and Methods:This prospective study (Chinese clinical trial registry, ChiCTR1800019828) enrolled patients with SPLs between May 2019 and August 2020. They were divided into a developmental cohort (DC) and a validation cohort (VC). In the DC, the optimal indicator was selected from five CE US indicators. In the VC, the selected indicator was compared with existing CE US diagnostic criteria using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Pathologic analysis, microbial evidence, and clinical follow-up were used as reference standards for all SPLs.Results: A total of 902 participants (DC, 424 participants; VC, 478 participants) with SPLs (mean age, 56 years  17; 593 men) were evaluated. The arrival time (AT) difference ratio proved to be the optimal indicator to distinguish benign from malignant SPLs. In the overall (regardless of lesion size), large (vertical diameter 3 cm), and small ...

A metal‐doped organic and inorganic hybrid polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) with a titanium atom in the POSS cage and an ethanolamine substitute group in the corner, namely MEA‐Ti‐POSS, was synthesized through simple condensation reaction and substitute reaction. It was blended with 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) to form a kind of blending‐type flame retardant system for the modification of epoxy resins. The thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of cured epoxy resin composites were studied. Comparing with pure epoxy resin, the LOI value of EP/MEA‐Ti‐POSS/DOPO composites was raised from 25.2% to 32.7%, and the UL‐94 grade reached V‐0 level at a loading of the mixture of 5% MEA‐Ti‐POSS and 5% DOPO. In addition, the cone calorimetry results showed that the heat release rate, total heat release and total smoke production as well as smoke production rate were all reduced during the combustion of EP/MEA‐Ti‐POSS/DOPO composites. The residual char analysis revealed that carbon residues of EP/MEA‐Ti‐POSS/DOPO composite served as a physical protective layer to insulate the oxygen and combustible gases to reduce the ablation of the matrix. It was concluded that the mixture of MEA‐Ti‐POSS and DOPO not only effectively raised the thermal stability and flame retardancy of epoxy composited materials, but also improved their mechanical properties, which expanded a promising application of the metal‐POSS derivatives as non‐halogen additives in the flame retardant polymers.