Resumen: La dinámica de la investigación actual sobre la cultura material tardorrepublicana y tempranoaugustea en la Ulterior y en el resto de los territorios que constituyeron el Imperio hace que cualquier sistematización de las ánforas fabricadas en el valle del Guadalquivir (en sentido extenso) durante este periodo quede enseguida superada por nuevos hallazgos y materiales. El presente trabajo pretende ser un estado de la cuestión actual respecto al estudio de éstas ánforas del siglo I a. C. que, sin ser exhaustivo, incluya el mayor número de contextos posibles, tanto de las áreas de producción como de las de consumo. Sobre esta base material, se ensaya una ordenación tipológica que incluye diecisiete tipos anfóricos regionales incluidos en cuatro grupos cuyo criterio de formalización es, fundamentalmente, el "éxito comercial" y la duración, mayor o menor de la "vida" de los contenedores que los componen. Al análisis morfológico, que incluye novedosas propuestas de trabajo sobre el origen y el desarrollo formal de tipos como Haltern 70, Oberaden 83 y Urceus, se añade una contextualización histórico-económica y la necesaria confrontación con los repertorios anfóri-cos contemporáneos de otras áreas productivas peninsulares. El resultado es una propuesta tipológica y funcional compleja que, a nuestro juicio, es la que mejor parece ajustarse al estado actual del conocimiento arqueológico sobre los tipos anfóricos de la Ulterior interna durante el siglo I a. C. Evidentemente, la propuesta se presenta como tema de reflexión y base para la discusión y confrontación de ideas en los próximos años. Palabras clave: Ánforas, valle del Guadalquivir, República romana, siglo I a.C., tipología Abstract: Current research trends on the material culture in the province of Hispania Ulterior in the late republic and the early years of the Augustean reign, make any systematisation of amphorae in the Guadalquivir valley (in a wide sense) liable to be soon superseded by new finds and evidence. The present work aims at reviewing the state of the question of 1st century b. C. amphorae, not exhaustively but taken as many contexts into account as possible, including production and consumption areas. Starting with the material evidence, we propose a typology divided in seventeen regional amphora types in four groups, according to 'commercial sucess' and the duration of the type. The morphological analysis, which includes new proposals on the origin and development of types such as Haltern 70, Oberaden 83 and Urceus, is offered along a historic-economic contextualisation and the comparison with other coeval amphoric repertoires in the Iberian Peninsula. The result is a complex typological and functional proposal which, in our opinion, responds better to the archaeological record for the chronology and geographical context in hand. Obviously, the proposal aims at becoming the base for further discussion in the future.
During the first century BC, the Guadalquivir valley joins the group of those producing ovoid amphorae in the Western Mediterranean, as it becomes one of the main exporting areas of agricultural commodities. This development took shape in the Augustan period and later, due to correlation between the necessities demanded by the State and the ability of the southern Hispanic territories to supply them. However, this process takes its first steps even earlier; from the early moments of the first century BC, the Guadalquivir valley apparently began a mass-production of agricultural goods, as is reflected in the amphora repertoire of Ulterior being then produced as the first Romanised provincial amphorae of the region. This article presents the most important ovoid forms produced in the Guadalquivir valley, paying particular attention to their form and their epigraphical features, as well as investigating their distribution in internal and external markets. Some other questions are treated too: the documented production places; the evolution of these products into a standardised format that closely follows the path of the transformation of the Guadalquivir valley into a highly specialised agricultural territory, based on olive-oil manufacture, just as would be case for the economy of the region during early Imperial times.
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