In this study, we validated a set of audio stimuli addressing emotional lexico-prosodic congruence. Positive, neutral and negative words classified as such in European Portuguese lexical databases were recorded with matching and mismatching emotional prosodic patterns (positive, neutral and negative). The produced set was submitted to behavioral validation, where each utterance was rated for lexico-prosodic match. Word pairs showing maximal differences across match and mismatch versions were selected (n=55) and subjected to prosody-related acoustic validation. The three types of prosodic patterns, positive, negative and neutral, differenced in F0, amplitude, duration and timbral parameters. Finally, items were catalogued for their psycholinguistic properties. The present validated set may be used for emotional prosody research in European Portuguese. Since it is compatible with passive listening tasks, it is particularly relevant to research and clinical practice engaging populations who are limited in their ability to provide explicit responses.
Research on the impact of handwriting on literacy acquisition has been largely focused on 11 the beneficial effects of handwriting-concurrent practice on a specific, though fundamental dimen-12 sion: visual graph recognition. In the present systematic review, our aim was to understand the 13 extent to which other levels of literacy may be influenced by handwriting-concurrent training when 14 compared to pure visual exposure or other types of motor activity like typing. Besides visual graph 15 processing - which we considered both in the receptive/reading-related dimension of recognition 16 and in the productive/writing-related dimension of production, we searched for effects of handwrit-17 ing on graph-sound associations, sequencing, and semantic processing - all viewed from the two 18 possible perspectives of reading vs. writing. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we selected 18 stud-19 ies for in-depth analysis. Results highlighted two major ideas. First, literacy-related areas such as 20 sequencing in reading or semantic meaning processing in writing seem to be absent in the literature. 21 Second, the well-known benefits of handwriting on visual graph recognition may not be as clear in 22 other literacy-related levels as they are in visual graph processing. Semantic processing is a partic-23 ularly interesting case, in that detrimental effects of handwriting have been found, and these may 24 be explained by the cognitive load imposed by motor action.
Processing musical meter – the organization of time into regular cycles of strong and weak beats – requires abstraction from the varying rhythmic surface. Several studies investigated whether meter processing requires attention, or if it can be both pre-attentive and attentive. While findings on temporal expectation (processing meter per se) indicated benefits of attention, studies on meter processing in a more complex, dual-task context (meter used for temporal orientation) consistently reported pre-attentive processing. Also, while surface-based approaches to meter (meter aided by pattern repetition) showed some benefits of attention, structural approaches (meter not aided by pattern repetition, increased complexity) found pre-attentive-only processing. Therefore, in the present study we hypothesized that pre-attentive processing increases with cognitive load, and we compared surface with structural meter processing. Supporting our hypothesis, we saw improved behavioral performance for surface meter, as well as EEG evidence that structural meter elicits pre-attentive processing (pre-attentive P1) while surface meter does not (attentive-only P1). Our findings highlight the need for increased awareness in approaches to meter processing and support the idea that increased cognitive demand may recruit pre-attentive processing of temporal structure.
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