Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths globally, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of lung cancer. Gene dysregulation plays an essential role in the development of LUAD. Drug repositioning based on associations between drug target genes and LUAD target genes are useful to discover potential new drugs for the treatment of LUAD, while also reducing the monetary and time costs of new drug discovery and development. Here, we developed a pipeline based on machine learning to predict potential LUAD-related target genes through established graph attention networks (GATs). We then predicted potential drugs for the treatment of LUAD through gene coincidence-based and gene network distance-based methods. Using data from 535 LUAD tissue samples and 59 precancerous tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas, 48,597 genes were identified and used for the prediction model building of the GAT. The GAT model achieved good predictive performance, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. 1,597 potential LUAD-related genes were identified from the GAT model. These LUAD-related genes were then used for drug repositioning. The gene overlap and network distance with the target genes were calculated for 3,070 drugs and 672 preclinical compounds approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. At which, bromoethylamine was predicted as a novel potential preclinical compound for the treatment of LUAD, and cimetidine and benzbromarone were predicted as potential therapeutic drugs for LUAD. The pipeline established in this study presents new approach for developing targeted therapies for LUAD.

Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a significant challenge globally, having the 8th highest incidence and 6th highest mortality worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common form of EC in Asia. Crucially, more than 90% of EC cases in China are ESCC. The high mortality rate of EC is likely due to the limited number of effective therapeutic options. To increase patient survival, novel therapeutic strategies for EC patients must be devised. Unfortunately, the development of novel drugs also presents its own significant challenges as most novel drugs do not make it to market due to lack of efficacy or safety concerns. A more time and cost-effective strategy is to identify existing drugs, that have already been approved for treatment of other diseases, which can be repurposed to treat EC patients, with drug repositioning. This can be achieved by comparing the gene expression profiles of disease-states with the effect on gene-expression by a given drug. In our analysis, we used previously published microarray data and identified 167 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Using weighted key driver analysis, 39 key driver genes were then identified. These driver genes were then used in Overlap Analysis and Network Analysis in Pharmomics. By extracting drugs common to both analyses, 24 drugs are predicted to demonstrate therapeutic effect in EC patients. Several of which have already been shown to demonstrate a therapeutic effect in EC, most notably Doxorubicin, which is commonly used to treat EC patients, and Ixazomib, which was recently shown to induce apoptosis and supress growth of EC cell lines. Additionally, our analysis predicts multiple psychiatric drugs, including Venlafaxine, as repositioned drugs. This is in line with recent research which suggests that psychiatric drugs should be investigated for use in gastrointestinal cancers such as EC. Our study shows that a drug repositioning approach is a feasible strategy for identifying novel ESCC therapies and can also improve the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the drug targets.

The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act of 2011 (AIA) fundamentally changed the U.S. public patent system. This study examines whether and how the enactment of the AIA affects innovation-intensive firms' narrative R&D disclosure. Adopting a difference-in-difference design, we find that the enactment of the AIA is associated with a greater decline in narrative R&D disclosure of innovation-intensive firms relative to non-innovation-intensive firms. This effect is more pronounced for firms that are more concerned about the proprietary costs of disclosure and firms with lower financial constraints. Moreover, we show that the enactment of the AIA dampens analysts' information environment and aggravates information asymmetry. Overall, our results suggest that the AIA has a negative impact on corporate disclosure and information asymmetry. The documented unintended effect of the AIA could potentially work against lawmakers' efforts to bolster innovation and the dissemination of knowledge.

Professional development of teachers in higher vocational colleges is the core "soft resource" of strategic development in higher vocational colleges. Taking the typical higher vocational colleges in Chongqing as the research object, this paper investigates the professional development of teachers for the diagnosis and improvement work in its teaching operation. Through the analysis of the data collected in the survey, the author analyzes the professional development and innovation of teachers in higher vocational colleges from the perspective of diagnosis and improvement; and then further explores it to build innovative paths for professional development of vocational college teachers from the perspective of diagnosis and improvement. It can be seen from the analysis of the professional development of teachers in higher vocational colleges from "primary teacher to expert teacher" cannot be separated from the continuous and indepth promotion of diagnosis and improvement.

The internationalization of higher agricultural education was promoted by economic globalization in China, especially, the internationalization of undergraduate courses as a key component of it has also developed rapidly, but not perfect. The necessities were expounded and the current main problem in the internationalization of undergraduate course was analyzed. At the same time , combined with the teaching practice of the bilingual teaching, how to choose the curriculum contents and teaching materials of the internationalization of general education with the characteristics of the internationalization and how to set up diversified foreign language courses and promote the bilingual teaching actively, etc. were discussed in this paper. and in view of the problem of the internationalization of university undergraduate course in China, the feasible strategies were put forward, which establish the standardized management mode for curriculum internationalization, use modern teaching carrier to implement curriculum internationalization, promote the teaching ability of internationalization courses of faculties and constantly raise the level of curriculum internationalization of higher agricultural colleges.