Porous materials, especially metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and supramolecular organic frameworks, are widely used in heterogeneous catalysis, adsorption, and ion exchange. Cucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s) suitable building units for porous materials because they possess cavities with neutral electrostatic potential, portal carbonyls with negative electrostatic potential, and outer surfaces with positive electrostatic potential, which may result in the formation of Q[n]‐based supramolecular frameworks (QSFs) assembled through the interaction of guests within Q[n]s, the coordination of Q[n]s with metal ions, and outer‐surface interaction of Q[n]s (OSIQ). This review summarizes the various QSFs assembled via OSIQs. The QSFs can be classified as being assembled by 1) self‐induced OSIQ, 2) anion‐induced OSIQ, and 3) aromatic‐induced OSIQ. The design and construction of QSFs with novel structures and specific functional properties may establish a new research direction in Q[n] chemistry.

Background: Interleukin (IL)-35 is a newly discovered inhibitory cytokine which is produced by regulatory B and T lymphocytes and belongs to the IL-12 family. It plays a suppressive role in human inflammatory diseases; however, its role in asthma phenotypes is unclear. Our study focuses on the sputum IL-35 level in patients and investigates different airway inflammation capacities of sputum IL-35 in patients with different asthma phenotypes. Objective: We aimed to determine the sputum IL-35 levels in asthmatic patients with clinical remission phenotypes and control subjects and to investigate possible correlations among lung function, age, sex, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and smoking history in these phenotypes. Methods: Sputum samples were collected from patients with clinical asthma remission (n = 89, 37 males, age 52.24 ± 13.32 years) and a healthy control group (n = 19, 9 males, age 44.58 ± 16.3 years). All subjects underwent sputum induction. Induced sputum was assessed for inflammatory cell count, and sputum levels of IL-35 and other cytokines were measured by ELISA and Cytometric Bead Array, respectively. Results: Sputum IL-35 (median (q1, q3)) levels showed no significant difference between asthma patients (4.89 ng/ mL (2.97, 22.75)) and healthy controls (6.01 ng/mL (4.09, 30.47)). However, the sputum IL-35 level was significantly reduced in patients with eosinophilic asthma (EA) (3.95 ng/mL (2.80, 11.00)) compared to patients with neutrophilic asthma (NA) (40.59 ng/mL (20.59, 65.06), p = 0.002), paucigranulocytic asthma (PA) (6.25 ng/mL (3.10, 24.60), p = 0.012), and mixed granulocytic asthma (MA) (22.54 ng/mL (2.58, 52.45), p = 0.026). IL-35 levels in sputum showed a positive correlation with sputum neutrophil cells and a negative correlation with FeNO, FEV1% predicted, and FVC predicted. Furthermore, sputum IL-35 had a significant positive association with Th1-related factors and a negative correlation with Th2-related factors. Conclusions: Sputum IL-35 is likely involved in different pathophysiological mechanisms of NA and EA and exerts different effects in asthma phenotypes.

A one-pot strategy was employed to synthesize cucurbit[5]uril-anchored polymers which show high selective sorption for methanol.

The host-guest complex of the common dye, thioflavin T (ThT), and twisted cucurbit[14]uril ( t Q[14]) was selected as a fluorescent probe to determine non-fluorescent triazole fungicides, including flusilazole, azaconazole, triadimefon, tebuconazole, tricyclazole, flutriafol, penconazole, and triadimenol isomer A, in an aqueous solution. The experimental results reveal that the ThT@ t Q[14] probe selectively responded to flusilazole with significant fluorescence quenching and a detection limit of 1.27 × 10 −8 mol/L. In addition, the response mechanism involves not only a cooperation interaction—ThT occupies a side-cavity of the t Q[14] host and the triazole fungicide occupies another side-cavity of the t Q[14] host—but also a competition interaction in which both ThT and the triazole fungicide occupy the side-cavities of the t Q[14] host.

Host‐guest inclusion complexes of hymexazol with three different cucurbit[n]uril, cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]), hemimethyl‐substituted cucurbit[6]uril (HHMeQ[6]), and twisted cucurbit[14]uril (tQ[14]) have been investigated by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy, quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry (Q‐TOF), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). 1H NMR experimental results revealed that hymexazol resides within the respective cavities of the selected Q[n], and mass spectrometric experimental results revealed that it interacts with these three Q[n] through the formation of 1 : 1 inclusion complexes. ITC experimental results indicated moderate binding constants. In vitro assays showed that the complexation of hymexazol by the Q[n] increased its inhibitory effect on the mycelia growth of Botrytis cinerea Pers.

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Porous materials, especially metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and supramolecular organic frameworks, are widely used in heterogeneous catalysis, adsorption, and ion exchange. Cucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s) suitable building units for porous materials because they possess cavities with neutral electrostatic potential, portal carbonyls with negative electrostatic potential, and outer surfaces with positive electrostatic potential, which may result in the formation of Q[n]‐based supramolecular frameworks (QSFs) assembled through the interaction of guests within Q[n]s, the coordination of Q[n]s with metal ions, and outer‐surface interaction of Q[n]s (OSIQ). This review summarizes the various QSFs assembled via OSIQs. The QSFs can be classified as being assembled by 1) self‐induced OSIQ, 2) anion‐induced OSIQ, and 3) aromatic‐induced OSIQ. The design and construction of QSFs with novel structures and specific functional properties may establish a new research direction in Q[n] chemistry.