A novel strategy for making effective use of on-line process tomography measurements for process monitoring is described. The electrical resistance tomography (ERT) sensing system equipped with sixteen electrodes provides 104 conductivity measurements every 25 ms. The data has traditionally been used for construction of images for display purpose. In this study, ERT data was used for multivariate statistical process control. Data at predefined normal operational conditions was processed using principal component analysis. The compressed data was used to derive two statistics, T 2 and squared prediction error (SPE). T 2 and SPE charts predict the probability that the process being monitored has undergone statistically significant changes from previous state or the so-called normal operational state, in terms of mixing quality. The methodology is illustrated by reference to a case study of a sunflower oil/water emulsion process.
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) uses fiber‐optics for rapid data transmission, is robust, simple, and sensitive at both low and high solution concentrations. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for monitoring industrial processes. This study investigates the use of NIR for monitoring batch cooling crystallization processes, and emphasis is placed on applying genetic algorithm (GA) for wavelength selection in partial least squares calibration model development. The calibration data was collected for under‐saturated and saturated solutions, as well as for α‐ and β‐form crystal slurries of L‐glutamic acid at a variety of solution concentrations, temperatures, and solid concentrations and sizes. The GA method proves to be capable of effectively selecting a small number of wavelengths and the models thus developed give improved prediction performance in terms of generalization capability compared to models derived using the full spectrum. The developed models are successfully applied to monitoring batch cooling crystallization of L‐glutamic acid under seeded and unseeded conditions and with varied cooling rates.
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