This study was applied on 9665 cases between January 1993 and October 1998. Of these, 6985 (72.3%) were urologic patients and 2680 (27.7%) were autopsy cases. The patients having urinary complaint investigated by urine analysis and kidney-ureter-bladder film (KUB), routinely. In all patients who have pathological urine, ultrasonography exam was done and in all patients who established an abnormality on ultrasonografy, intravenous pyelography (IVP) was taken, also.

CC-EMG is less invasive and a valuable method in patients with erectile dysfunction, whereas no specific findings were observed from penile biopsy specimens.

(Folia Morphol 2016; 75, 3: 364-375)

Summary: This article describes a complex bilateral variation in the formation of lumbar plexus in a 32 year old male cadaver. On the left side the plexus was postfixed and located posterior to the psoas major muscle. The femoral nerve was formed by the union of anterior rami of the second, third, fourth and fifth lumbar spinal nerves. On the right side, the lumbar plexus was prefixed. The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh was formed by the union of the anterior rami of the first and second lumbar spinal nerves. The femoral nerve formed by branches from the first, second, third and fifth lumbar spinal nerves while the obturator nerve was formed by the union of the first, second and third lumbar spinal nerves. The right lumbar plexus was located in the substance of the psoas major muscle. In the present case, the formation of branches of the lumbar plexus were different from the previous data present in the literature.The lumbar plexus supplies the muscles and skin on the anterior and medial sides of the thigh and skin on the medial side of the leg and foot. Although it arises deep within the abdomen, it5. method of formation and branching must be studied at this time if the nerves in the thigh are to be understood3).The lumbar plexus, is in the posterior part of the psoas major, anterior to the lumbar transverse processes and formed by the first three lumbai ventral rami and most of the fourth; the first lumbai ramus receives a branch from the last thoracic bifurcates; the upper and longer one divide: again into iliohypogastric (L1.) and ilioinguinal (Ll: nerves; the lower unites with a second lumbar branch to form the genitofemoral nerve (LI., L2) the remainder of the second, third and the part o: the fourth ramus joining the plexus. Branches o: second to fourth rami form the obturator nerv( (L2, L3, L4). The other branches of the second anc third rami divide into smaller and larger parts smaller parts unite as the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

The peripheral, extraparotid course and localisation of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial n. is described, with variations, based on the dissection of 40 cadaver half heads. Its anatomical relationships with the ramus of mandible and facial a. are studied and morphometric features are reported. Knowledge of the accurate course and relationship of the marginal mandibular branch should help to protect this nerve from surgical injury.