Chemical wastewater streams may contain toxic compounds which are non-biodegradable, and therefore require advanced treatment techniques such as adsorption. However, application of adsorption processes is often limited by the cost of adsorbents. In this study, the adsorption capacity of a low-cost adsorbent (pine sawdust) was investigated by treating wastewater containing nickel (II) and other heavy metal ions. Results were analysed using response surface methodology and a factorial design was employed to determine the interactive effects of the various factors on the adsorption capacity. Furthermore, Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were fitted to experimental data to characterise the adsorption of the nickel ions by the pine sawdust. As a result, the highest adsorption capacity was attained at the combined effect of low adsorbent dose, high pH and high initial concentration. On the other hand, the Freundlich isotherm fitted the experimental data better than the Langmuir isotherm. Results of this study indicate that the use of pine sawdust could be a promising solution to the elimination of nickel ions from multi-component aqueous solutions.
Agricultural wastes can cause environmental problems if not well managed, but there is a lot of potential to use these wastes as raw material in other processes. In this investigation, pine sawdust was evaluated as an adsorbent in the treatment of wastewater containing cobalt ions. A two-level threefactor full-factorial experimental design with centre points was used to study the interactive effect of the operating parameters in order to achieve the best conditions for the batch adsorption of cobalt ions. A response surface analysis was also conducted to further understand the interactions amongst the factors such as adsorbent dose, solution pH and initial concentration. In addition, adsorption isotherms, namely the Freundlich and Langmuir, were used to characterize the removal of cobalt from the wastewater. It was observed that the combined effect of low adsorbent dose, high pH and high initial concentration of wastewater resulted in the highest adsorption capacity. The Freundlich isotherm provided a better fit to the experimental data than the Langmuir isotherm. Moreover, pine sawdust showed adsorption capabilities for cobalt, and hence it could be an option in the quest to use waste to treat wastewater.
Aim : Methodology :Results : Interpretation :Malachite green dye is extensively used for coloring purpose, as therapeutic agent and as a biocide in the aquaculture industry. The presence of dye in the industrial effluents is an environmental concern, and therefore it's removal is inevitable. Sal seed activated char was utilised for the removal of dye from aqueous solution through adsorption process. The purpose of the present study was to examine and optimize the effect of adsorbent dose, pH and initial dye concentration on dye adsorption Central Composite Design (CCD) and Box-Behnken Design (BBD).Adsorbent was prepared by pyrolysing raw Sal seeds followed by chemical activation of resultant char using 85 % phosphoric acid. The characterization of activated char was done with SEM, FTIR and XRD. Batch adsorption studies were carried out at different pH, adsorbent doses and initial concentrations of malachite green dye. The experimental data were used as input in the Central Composite Design and Box-Behnken Design.The adsorption was found to be exothermic and spontaneous in the temperature range studied and followed pseudo second order kinetics. Freundlich isotherm was in good agreement with the experimental data. The percentage removal of malachite green dye increased with pH and adsorbent dose, whereas it decreased with the initial dye concentration. The optimum values obtained for the pH, adsorbate c o n c e n t r a t i o n , adsorbent dose and dye removal were -1
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