NALCO is mining the bauxite ore of 63.4 lakh tones per annum for the production of alumina 21.57 lakh of tonnes per annum. During mining of bauxite, partially laterized khondalite (PLK) and kaolinised khondalite rocks are excavated and dumped at mining area or can be used for backfilling. The sample ground and classified to recover fines which are suitable for paper industry. Further, the overflow sample is subjected to leaching studies. Leaching studies were carried out at different concentration, time and temperatures. The experiment shows that the optimum conditions are 1.5M oxalic acid, 70oC temperature and 4 hours time. This product can be used as a coating material on paper industry to increase the brightness. The product is fine and no grit present in it. The iron oxide in the product is 0.72% with brightness is 75%. The product specifications compared with BIS standard for raw material using in paper industry. The other characterization of the product indicates that the raw material is suitable for paper industry.
Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are used in a latent heat storage system for storing thermal energy. The thermal conductivity of PCMs is enhanced by macro encapsulation for large-scale use. This technique not only provides a self-supporting structure of PCM, also separates the PCM from thermal fluids and enhances the heat transfer rate. The current work involves the study of encapsulation of low-cost inorganic PCMs, such as Sodium nitrate (NaNO3), in a temperature range of 300 – 500˚C. Silicate coating is also applied to PCM capsules. A Solar water heater is then designed using the macro encapsulated PCM. The water heater consists of copper cylindrical pipes, filled with the phase change material. The efficiency of the solar water heater is found to be 22.5%.
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