believed that the model experiments described in the Paper were the first to have been carried out in connexion with sheet-pile walls where the experimental work had been done under carefully controlled conditions and the walls had been tested right up to failure.In interpreting the results and applying them to the design of full-size walls, the following limitations should be realized:(i) the experiments had been performed on very small scale walls;(ii) the soil throughout had been a uniform stratum of sand in a loose state of compaction; and (iii) the sand had been completely dry. (In an actual wall there was usually a water level or water-table, resulting in part of the soil penetrated by the piling being in a submerged state and thus having a lower effective density.) With reference first to the experimental work itself, Mr Cornfield made the following (1) Since no soil-pressure gauges had been used, the pressure distributions on the walls were not known at failure. The actual distribution at the failure condition (when yield B had been reached) would be very instructive and would assist in determining the most suitable method of design.(2) It was not clear how the "end effects" of the model (the effect of fiiction of the side walls of the containing bin) had been eliminated, with regard especially to the accuracy of the tie-rod load readings.(3) There was some doubt as to the error resulting by neglecting the effect of stress concentrations at the root of the notches in the model steel plate wall. (4) The method of determining yield A was stated on p. 288 as being "that point at whirh a definite divergenre from the almost linear initial relation could be detected on plotting the results, whereas the ultimate yield B was that associated with a visible 'yield hinge' where an angle from the straight about 10' or greater formed at a notch". (See also Fig. 6d.) However, from examination of Fig. 12a the positions of points representing yield A did not appear to agree with the above statement. The curves given in that figure suggested that it comments : t
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