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Abstract-In this paper we present a simple proof of the strong converse for identification via discrete memoryless quantum channels, based on a novel covering lemma. The new method is a generalization to quantum communication channels of Ahlswede's recently discovered appoach to classical channels. It involves a development of explicit large deviation estimates to the case of random variables taking values in selfadjoint operators on a Hilbert space. This theory is presented separately in an appendix, and we illustrate it by showing its application to quantum generalizations of classical hypergraph covering problems.

Summary.The author determines for arbitrarily varying channels a) the average error capacity and b) the maximal error capacity in case of randomized encoding.A formula for the average error capacity in case of randomized encoding was announced several years ago by Dobrushin ([3]). Under a mild regularity condition this formula turns out to be valid and follows as consequence from either a) or b).

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