The effect of radiation defects on the critical current of a layered anisotropic superconductor has been investigated by numerical methods. Model defects simulating various cases of radiation damage to a superconductor as a result of electron and ion irradiation are considered. The obtained dependences of the critical current on the magnetic field show that the greatest pinning gain with equal irradiation fluence is given by defects forming 3D conical regions inside the superconductor. It is shown that in a weakly anisotropic superconductor, conical defects enhance the critical current more efficiently than in a strongly anisotropic one. The interaction of a vortex lattice with radiation defects is considered, vortex configurations arising under the action of the self-field of the transport current are obtained. Keywords: HTSC, pinning, Abrikosov vortices, radiation defects, Monte Carlo method.
An overview of experimental and theoretical studies of the characteristics of maglev systems using high-temperature superconductors (HTSC) is presented. Materials used in maglev technologies, namely bulk superconductors and HTSC tape composites, are considered. The main experimental data obtained on both bulk and tape superconductors assembled in stacks of various configurations are demonstrated. The factors influencing the magneto-force characteristics are analyzed: geometric parameters, the influence of external alternating magnetic fields, temperatures, relaxation phenomena. A significant part of the review is devoted to the description of various methods for calculating maglev systems, including those based on stacks of HTSC composites. The features of thermal processes in maglev systems with cryocooler and nitrogen cooling are considered. General recommendations for the creation of optimal maglev systems based on tape HTSC composites are given. Keywords: magnetic levitation, high-temperature superconductors, strip composites, levitation force, lateral force, methods for calculating magnetic force characteristics.
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