Background:Cutaneous manifestations of adverse drug reactions are a common occurrence and need to be differentiated from other causes of similar manifestations. Active search is essential for identification of these as patients may tend to downplay the causal association between drug use and the subsequent cutaneous manifestation.Purpose:To study the incidence of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions (CADRs) in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India.Methods:A prospective, observational study was conducted over a period of 6 months; using self-reporting method for selection of cases. The CADRs were graded as definite, possible and probable.Results:During the study period, 91 cases of CADRs were observed. Maximum incidence of CADRs was seen with antimicrobials (48.30%), followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (21.90%). Maculopapular rash was the most common cutaneous manifestation of ADRs (42.85%).Conclusion:CADRs are a common occurrence and awareness about the same is essential for diagnosis and prevention.

Background: Chronic headache is as much as a problem in India as elsewhere in the world with a rising trend in young adults which negatively affects the quality of life of the affected person. In current scenario of increasing prevalence of headache in students, most of them have been found to practice self medication leading to inappropriate management and sometimes analgesic overuse causing treatment refractoriness. Methods: A questionnaire based survey was done on undergraduate dental students at a tertiary care dental teaching hospital in Northern India. Severity of headache was assessed by Numeric Rating Scale. Data collected was analyzed to assess the prevalence, pattern & triggering factors of headache along with awareness of dental students regarding treatment. Prevalence and characteristics of migraine were also assessed along with the therapeutic strategies opted by students. Results: Our study (n=186) demonstrated headache prevalence of 63.9% which was higher in females (74.3%) as compared to males (32.6%). Headache experienced by majority of student population was bilateral (36.13%), sharp stabbing (38.65%) and of moderate intensity (57.98%). Common associated symptoms were nausea/ vomiting (24.36%) and scalp tenderness (22.68%). Stress (82.3%) &irregular sleep (81.5%) were the most common triggering factors. Prevalence of migraine was 13.44% with female preponderance (87.5%). Practice of self medication was reported by 88.2% of students. Most commonly used drugs were paracetamol (36.76%), aspirin (26.47%) and combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol (25%). Specific medication use in migraineurs was found to be low (25%) showing inadequate management of migraine headache in our study population. Conclusions: The results in this study demonstrate high headache prevalence in dental students with self medication being practiced by the majority. [Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol 2013; 2(1.000): 51-55

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Migraine constitutes 16% of primary headaches affecting 10-20% of general population according to International Headache Society. Till now nonsteroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), opioids and triptans are the drugs being used for acute attack of migraine. Substances with proven efficacy for prevention include β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, antiepileptic drugs and antidepressants. All the already available drugs have certain limitations. Either they are unable to produce complete relief or 30-40% patients are no responders or drugs produce adverse effects. This necessitates the search for more efficacious and well-tolerated drugs. A new class of drugs like angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) and angiotensin II receptor antagonists have recently been studied for their off label use in prophylaxis of migraine. Studies, done so far, have shown results in favour of their clinical use because of the ability to reduce number of days with headache, number of days with migraine, hours with migraine, headache severity index, level of disability, improved Quality of life and decrease in consumption of specific or nonspecific analgesics. This article reviews the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of these drugs in prophylaxis of migraine and can give physician a direction to use these drugs for chronic migraineurs. Searches of pubmed, Cochrane database, Medscape, Google and clinicaltrial.org were made using terms like ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists and migraine. Relevant journal articles were chosen to provide necessary information.

In wake of the fact that despite the availability of advanced technologically aided modern medicine system, our society is witnessing a rise in various lifestyle disorders, chronic diseases and development of resistance to the existing remedies; integration of ayurveda with allopathy seems the need of the hour. A novel comprehensive system, if generated by fusion of rich traditional therapies with modern medicine system, can utilize the best of both the systems without disrespecting any and can provide care in disease management, disease prevention, preservation, protection and health rejuvenation. Amalgamation of ayurveda with allopathy will certainly be able to create a healthy society by developing a healthcare system that is more effective than either system used alone as well as less expensive and less toxic.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of a herbomineral medicine Rakatchaphar (Each 500 mg cap contains Sarpgandha 150 mg, Shankhpushpi 75 mg, Jatamansi 75 mg, Jahar Mohra Khatai Pishti 75 mg, Moti Pishti 75 mg, Ras Sindoor 50 mg) in essential hypertension, an observational prospective study was done at Shri Ashutosh Maharaj (SAM) Ayurvedic Treatment and Research Centre, Noormahal. Ninety-eight patients in the age group 28–76 years with essential hypertension without any co-morbid illness were included in the study. Patients were treated with cap Rakatchaphar 500 mg twice a day. Blood pressure (BP) was monitored on subsequent follow-up visits at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Change in Diastolic BP (DBP), Systolic BP (SBP), and Mean BP (MBP) were analyzed statistically by Student's t test, ANOVA, and Post hoc Bonferroni test. On first visit the mean SBP, DBP, and MBP was 164.16±17.27, 101.88±9.20, and 122.27±10.57 mm Hg, respectively. After 8 weeks of therapy there was a statistically significant fall in SBP (122.98±11.36), DBP (80.90±8.57), and MBP (94.86±9.24) in mmHg (P value <0.0001). Rakatchap Har offers an efficacious and safe combination of natural products available for the treatment of hypertension.

The increasing of internet usage triggered the growth of social media activity. One of the social media which rose significantly is Line. Three years after Line debut, statistic showed that Line has 470 million users and the application has been downloaded over 1 million times in all over the world.This research is to determine what factors that influence people in Bandung City in deciding to choose social media Line. The theory that used in this research isStimulus Organism Respons Theory.. This research is using a descriptive method to visualize systematically, factually and accuracy regarding facts, characters and relation with the phenomena to be explored. Done by a survey to 180 people of Bandung City which have been chosen through multi-usage cluster sampling technique. Data that has been gathered then handle with using analysis factor method on SPSS 20.This research resulted in three factors which became the factor in choosing social media Line in Bandung area that has been obtained through analysis factor process. Those three factors in sequence are Networking Interactions factor consist of interaction and networking, User Information factor, including information, Social Simulation, User content  and Archive factor. The rest another factor that owned by the user in choosing social media Line in Bandung area.

Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and nephrotoxicity along with the risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with the parenteral polymyxin B in patients with the multidrug resistance (MDR) gram −ve infections in a tertiary Intensive care unit (ICU).Materials and Methods:A retrospective cohort study (March 2010-October 2011) was conducted in Medical ICU of a 23 bedded tertiary care hospital in Northern India.Results:Out of 71 ICU patients who were administered polymyxin B, only 32 (M:F = 1:0.8) met the inclusion criteria. Patients with concurrent administration of nephrotoxic drugs were excluded from the study. Mean age of patients was 48.53 ± 13.90 years ranging from 16 years to 68 years. 6 out of 32 (18.7%) patients progressed to AKI, whereas renal functions remained normal in 26 (81.2%) patients. No statistically significant difference was observed in mortality between AKI and non AKI patients at the end of therapy (33.3% vs. 26.9%, P value 0.756). Older age (62.33 ± 11.90 vs. 45.34 ± 2.45, P value 0.005) was found to be an independent risk factor for causing nephrotoxicity.Conclusion:In the present scenario of rising infections with MDR gram −ve micro-organisms, this pilot study suggests that polymyxin B can be used effectively and safely in patients not receiving other nephrotoxic drugs, with cautious administration in older patients as they are more vulnerable to nephrotoxicity caused by polymyxin B.