Over the last few years, surveillance CCTV cameras have rapidly grown to monitor human activities. Suspicious activities like assault, gun violence, kidnapping need to be observed in public places like malls, public roads, colleges, etc. There is a need for such a surveillance system that automatically recognizes human behavior, such as violent and non-violent actions. Action recognition has become an active research topic for researchers within the computer vision field. However, the human behavior recognition community has mainly focused only on regular actions like walking, running, jogging, etc. Though, detecting behavior in anomaly subjects like assault violence, gun violence, or general aggressive behavior has been comparatively less research in these specific events due to a lack of datasets and algorithms. Thus, there is an increasing demand for datasets to develop abnormal behavior algorithms that can classify anomaly actions. In this paper, the novel dataset is proposed named Human Behavior Dataset 2021 (HBD21). There are four categories of videos available in this dataset: Assault violence, Gun violence, Sabotage violence, and Normal events. This proposed dataset contains a total of 456 videos. Each video has the same length of each category. This paper aims to make a robust surveillance system framework with the help of a deep transfer learning approach and proposed a novel hybrid model. In this view, the current research work is categorized into three phases. Firstly, the preprocessing technique is applied to enhance the brightness of videos, and for resizing then, frames are extracted from each video. Secondly, the transfer learning-based Xception model is used to extract relevant features from frames. The third phase is a classification of behaviors in which a modified LSTM technique is applied. The model is trained using LSTM on the HBD21 dataset. Moreover, using proposed methods on the HBD21 dataset, the accuracy is obtained 97.25% overall.

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A novel coronavirus has spread over the world and has become an outbreak. This, according to a WHO report, is an infectious disease that aims to spread. As a consequence, taking precautions is the only method to avoid catching this virus. The most important preventive measure against COVID-19 is to wear a mask. In this paper, a framework is designed for face mask detection using a deep learning approach. This paper aims to predict a person having a mask or unmask and also presents a proposed dataset named RTFMD (Real-Time Face Mask Dataset) to accomplish this objective. We have also taken the RFMD dataset from the internet to analyze the performance of system. Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) technique is applied at the time of pre-processing to enhance the visual quality of images. Subsequently, Inceptionv3 model used to train the face mask images and SSD face detector model has been used for face detection. Therefore, this paper proposed a model CLAHE-SSD_IV3 to classify the mask or without mask images. The system is also tested at VGG16, VGG19, Xception, MobilenetV2 models at different hyperparameters values and analyze them. Furthermore, compared the result of the proposed dataset RTFMD with the RFMD dataset. Additionally, proposed approach is compared with the existing approach on Face Mask dataset and RTFMD dataset. The outcomes have obtained 98% test accuracy on this proposed dataset RTFMD while 97% accuracy on the RFMD dataset in real-time.

The whole world is suffering from a novel coronavirus, which has become an epidemic. According to a World Health Organization report, this is a communicable disease, i.e., it transfers from an infected person to a healthy person. Therefore, wearing a mask is the most important precaution to protect from COVID-19. This paper presented a deep learning-based approach to design a Face Mask Detection framework to predict whether a person is wearing a mask or not. The proposed method uses a Single Shot Multibox detector as a face detector model and a deep Inception V3 architecture (SSDIV3) to extract the pertinent features of images and discriminate them in mask and without masks labels. Optimizing the SSDIV3 approach using different modeling parameters is a genuine contribution of this work. In addition to this, the system is tested and analyzed on VGG16, VGG19, Xception, Mobilenet V2 models at different modeling parameters. Furthermore, two synthesized novel Face Mask Datasets are introduced containing diversified masks (2d_printed, 3d_printed, handkerchief, transparent, natural-looking mask appearance masks) and unmask images of humans collected in outdoor and indoor environments such as parks, homes, laboratories. The experiment outcomes demonstrate that the proposed system has achieved an accuracy of 98% on the synthesized benchmark datasets, which comparatively outperforms other state-of-art methods and datasets in a real-time environment.

Abstract

A new coronavirus has caused a pandemic crisis around the globe. According to the WHO, this is an infectious illness that spreads from person to person. Therefore, the only way to avoid this infection is to take precautions. Wearing a mask is the most critical COVID-19 protection method because it prevents the virus from spreading from an infected person to a healthy one. This study reflects a deep learning method to create a system for detecting Face Masks. The paper proposes a unique FMDRT (Face Mask Dataset in Real-Time) dataset to determine whether a person is wearing a mask or not. The RFMD and Face Mask datasets are also taken from the internet to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The CLAHE preprocessing method is employed to enhance the image quality, then resizing and Image augmentation techniques are used to convert it into a standard format and increase the size of the dataset, respectively. The pretrained Caffe face detector model is used to detect the faces, and then the lightweight transfer learning-based Xception model is applied for the feature extraction process. This paper recommended a novel model that is, CL-SSDXcept to distinguish the Face Mask or no mask images. However, accession with the MobileNetV2, VGG16, VGG19, and InceptionV3 models with different hyperparameter settings has been tested on the FMDRT dataset. We have also compared the results of the synthesized dataset FMDRT to the existing Face Mask datasets. The experimental results attained 98% test accuracy on the suggested dataset 'FMDRT' using the CL-SSDXcept method. The empirical findings have been reported at 50 iterations with tuned hyperparameter values with an average accuracy 98% and a loss of 0.05.

Understanding the behavior of humans is a very important concern for socialcommunication. Especially in real-time, predicting human activity and behavior hasbecome the most vigorous research area in digital image processing and computervision. To enhance the security in public and private domains in the field of humancomputerinteraction and intelligent video surveillance, human behavior analysis is animportant challenge in various applications. There are many basic approaches toanalyze human activity, but recently, deep learning approaches have been shown thatyield very interesting results in different domains. Human actions and behavior can beobserved in the open as well as in sensitive areas, such as airports, banks, bus and trainstation, colleges, parking areas, etc., and prevent terrorism, theft, accidents, fighting, aswell as other abnormal and suspicious activities through visual surveillance. Thischapter thus seeks to reflect on methods of human activity recognition. This chapterpresents a brief overview on human behavior recognition along with its challenges orissues and applications. Also, we have discussed the framework of recognition ofsuspicious human activity and various datasets used to train the system. The objectiveof this chapter is to provide general information about human behavior analysis andrecent methods used in this field.