Background: Few Brazilian studies investigated risk factors for dysphagia and associated complications in a large cohort. Objective: To investigate frequency, predictors, and associated outcomes of dysphagia in patients up to three months post-stroke. Methods: Prospective cohort study of consecutively admitted patients in a specialized center for acute stroke. Patients with a transient ischemic attack, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral venous thrombosis, hemorrhagic stroke with secondary cause, non-acute stroke, or those who did not consent to participate were excluded. Swallowing was evaluated by speech language pathologists using Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test. General function at three months post-stroke was assessed using the following instruments: Modified Rankin scale, Barthel Index and Functional Independence Measure. Results: A total of 831 patients were admitted and 305 patients were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean age of patients was 63.6±13.3 years, mean time from stroke to swallowing assessment was 4.2±4.1 days, and 45.2% of the patients had dysphagia. Age (OR=1.02; 95%CI 1.00-1.04; p=0.017), known medical history of obstructive sleep apnea (OR=5.13; 95%CI 1.74-15.15; p=0.003), and stroke severity at hospital admission (OR=1.10; 95%CI 1.06-1.15; p<0.001) were independently associated with dysphagia. Dysphagia (OR=3.78; 95%CI 2.16-6.61; p<0.001) and stroke severity (OR=1.05; 95%CI 1.00-1.09; p=0.024) were independently associated with death or functional dependence at three months. Conclusions: Dysphagia was present in almost half of stroke patients. Age, obstructive sleep apnea, and stroke severity were predictors of dysphagia, which was independently associated with death or functional dependence at three months.
Introdução: Pneumonia é uma das complicações mais frequentes após Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC), com incidência variando de 2,3% a 47,3%. Nesse estudo, nosso objetivo foi identificar a frequência e os fatores associados com pneumonia após AVC e avaliar o impacto da pneumonia quanto ao óbito intra-hospitalar e quanto aos desfechos dependência funcional e óbito em três meses após o AVC. Métodos: Participaram do estudo pacientes que preencheram os critérios de inclusão (Idade maior que 18 anos de ambos os sexos e diagnóstico médico de AVC isquêmico ou hemorrágico agudo, confirmado por exames de neuroimagem) e nenhum dos critérios de exclusão (Ataque Isquêmico Transitório, Hemorragia Subaracnóidea, Trombose Venosa Cerebral, outros quadros clínicos em que não foi confirmado diagnóstico de AVC, ictus antigo, AVC hemorrágico de causa secundária por malformação arteriovenosa, aneurisma cerebral, neoplasia craniana, distúrbios da coagulação, entre outros; não concordância em participar do estudo ou não assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido). Estes pacientes
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