Over the past seven years, pestalotiopsis has been the main strawberry disease found all over the crops located in the south of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The leaves of the plants were severely attacked by an uncommon fungus in the regional crops, mainly in 2005 and 2006. The non-immediate identification of the microorganism resulted in catastrophic pathogen control processes performed by farmers who, eagerly trying to save their crops ended up using a series of toxic agrochemicals that had been previously purchased for the control of other types of diseases. Due to these events, the present paper aims at identifying the pathogen and put chemical as well as biological products into test that might help control the disease. Results showed that no fungicide under test in the present experiment was able to inhibit the isolate at a 100% rate, even under in vitro conditions. Pathogen identification revealed a fungi known as Pestalotiopsis longisetula.
Resumo -O mecanismo que envolve a ação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) na proteção das plantas em solos contaminados tem sido objeto de estudo visando a sua utilização em áreas contaminadas por metais. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o crescimento micelial de FMAs e seu potencial de formação de micorriza em solos contaminados por cádmio. Para isso, foram instalados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, em esquema bifatorial, sendo os fatores: a) quatro doses crescentes de Cd (0, 5, 10 e 20 mg kg -1 ) e b) três espécies de FMAs (Rhizophagus clarus, Gigaspora rosea e Acaulospora scrobiculata), e um controle, sendo três repetições por tratamento. Cada unidade experimental foi composta por um sistema construído em PVC, dividido em dois compartimentos por uma malha 40 µm, e mistura de solo e areia como substrato, com uma planta de milho em cada compartimento. A diferença entre os experimentos foi o local de infestação dos FMAs, sendo o experimento 1, infestado em compartimento contaminado por Cd e o experimento 2, infestado em compartimento não contaminado por Cd. Em ambos os experimentos, avaliaram-se: porcentagem e intensidade de colonização, comprimento do micélio extrarradicular total e número de esporos. Todos os FMAs apresentaram comportamento diferenciado na produção de propágulos e formação de micorriza, em função das doses de Cd, nas duas posições de infestação. Verificou-se que houve crescimento micelial de todas as espécies de FMAs em solos contaminados e não contaminados por Cd, mostrando a capacidade desses FMAs crescerem em solos contaminados até 20 mg kg -1 de Cd.Palavras-Chave -contaminação do solo, propágulo, micélio, colonização micorrízica.Abstract -The mechanism that involves the action of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the protection of plants in contaminated soils has been object of a study once its use aims in areas contaminated by metals. Thus, in this context, the purpose of this study was to analyze the mycelium growth of AMF and its potential of formation of mycorrhiza in soils contaminated by cadmium. For this, two experiments were performed in greenhouse conduction, using a bi-factorial scheme: a) four increasing doses of Cd (0, 5, 10 e 20 mg kg -1 ) and b) three species of AMF (Rhizophagus clarus, Gigaspora rosea and Acaulospora scrobiculata), and one control, with three replicates per treatment. Each experimental unit consisted of a system constructed in PVC, divided into two compartments by a mesh screen 40 μm, and mixing of soil and sand as a substrate, with one corn plant in each compartment. The difference between two experiments was the place of AMF infestation, with the experiment 1 infected in compartment contaminated by Cd and the experiment 2 infected in compartment non contaminated by Cd. In both experiments, there were analyzed: mycorrhizal colonization and intensity percentage, total extra radicular mycelium length and number of spores. All AMF presented different behavior in the production of propagules and formation of mycorrhiz...
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