Este artigo apresenta uma análise do monitoramento do índice de qualidade da água e o emprego de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas na porção mineira do rio Pardo, visando selecionar os parâmetros mais significativos nos aspectos atuais da qualidade da água, agrupando as estações de acordo com à semelhança dos parâmetros estudados. Os dados utilizados no estudo, foram obtidos no Instituto Mineiro de Gestão de Águas – IGAM referentes aos meses de janeiro a outubro do ano de 2018. O índice de qualidade da água foi calculado para os 5 pontos de monitoramento e classificados de acordo com o IQA-NSF. Análise de componentes principais (ACP) e a análise de Cluster (AC) foram usadas para reduzir o número de variáveis e para agrupar estações com características semelhantes, respectivamente. A estação PD005 apresentou a menor média do índice de qualidade de água, isso se deve pelo fato do parâmetro de coliformes fecais se destacar negativamente em grande quantidade na estação. Usando o ACP, dois componentes principais foram selecionados como indicadores da qualidade da água explicando a variância cumulativa de 78%. A AC agrupou as estações em três grupos podendo identificar a estação mais poluída e a estação menos poluída. Os resultados obtidos através de estatística multivariada provaram ser importantes para a compreensão da situação atual da qualidade da água na bacia e pode ser usado para melhorar a gestão dos recursos hídricos porque a coleta e análise de todos os parâmetros em todas as estações de monitoramento exigem maior disponibilidade recursos financeiros.
Mathematical models have become an excellent tool to evaluate the characteristics and performance of Constructed Wetlands (CWs). They help to characterize the dynamics of pollutant removal in these systems. The aim of this research was to evaluate the kinetics of organic matter removal in CWs using two models: (i) the conventional first order model and (ii) the sigmoidal or k-n model. For this purpose, data from 41 CWs where domestic sewage is treated were used. The cluster analysis was performed to identify similar groups of CWs based on the estimation of model coefficients. According to the results obtained, the model that provides a better fit for the removal of organic matter in CWs is the sigmoidal-type. However, its “n” coefficient, which would represent an increase in resistance to degradation, remains a not totally explained variable. The sigmoidal or k-n model is promising, presenting good adjustment indices.
The management and distribution of water resources is a major challenge for government officials, because the water is an essential element for every human being. When it comes to this issue in the Brazilian semiarid rural area, it is observed absence supply and water supply precarious, making a region where the effects of water scarcity are most felt in the country. A way adopted to circumvent this situation was the capture of water from the rains by means of cisterns promoted by the Articulation of the Semiarid Region (ASA), generating the One Million Cisterns Program(P1MC). Bearing in mind that the implementation of projects like this requires harmony between government and society, the final result is not always allowed. Another point to highlight is that the stored water may not have the quality desired for human consumption. Based on these possible problems, the present research aimed to analyze the feasibility of implementing cisterns in the Brazilian semiarid, based on surveys of data researched in security sources. However was selected that the cistern implementation programs provide an alternative to solve or problem of water scarcity in the semiarid region, in addition to promoting an improvement in the economy of the communities and a better quality of life for the population
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