In this article, we focus on the early development of autism studied through family home movies. We review all investigations published in English that met specific methodological standards, including the use of comparison samples, coding blind to group membership, and adequate levels of interrater reliability. After discussing in detail the pros and cons of the home-movie methodology, we review the results of all empirical studies conducted to date. We then present a summary of the features found consistently across studies that differentiate autism from typical development and mental retardation in the first 2 years of life. How family home movies can contribute to our understanding of the regression phenomenon is also addressed. Finally, the results are interpreted from both a theoretical and clinical point of view.
OBJECTIVEThe increasing burdens of obesity and diabetes are two of the most prominent threats to the health of populations of developed and developing countries alike. The Central America Diabetes Initiative (CAMDI) is the first study to examine the prevalence of diabetes in Central America.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe CAMDI survey was a cross-sectional survey based on a probabilistic sample of the noninstitutionalized population of five Central American populations conducted between 2003 and 2006. The total sample population was 10,822, of whom 7,234 (67%) underwent anthropometry measurement and a fasting blood glucose or 2-h oral glucose tolerance test.RESULTSThe total prevalence of diabetes was 8.5%, but was higher in Belize (12.9%) and lower in Honduras (5.4%). Of the screened population, 18.6% had impaired glucose tolerance/impaired fasting glucose.CONCLUSIONSAs this population ages, the prevalence of diabetes is likely to continue to rise in a dramatic and devastating manner. Preventive strategies must be quickly introduced.
During the last decades of the twentieth century, Ángel Rivière was the top reference in Spain in the study of the development of autism. In this article, we review his contributions and critically analyse his proposal regarding the developmental course of the disorder. To this end, we have gathered the research accumulated over the last two decades, focusing primarily on the results from prospective longitudinal studies with siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who also develop the disorder.
RESUMENDurante las últimas décadas del siglo XX, en España, Ángel Rivière fue el máximo referente en el estudio del desarrollo del autismo. En este artículo revisamos sus aportaciones y analizamos críticamente su propuesta sobre el curso evolutivo del trastorno. Para ello, nos apoyaremos en las investigaciones acumuladas en las últimas dos décadas, destacando fundamentalmente los resultados de los estudios longitudinales prospectivos de hermanos de niños con un trastorno del espectro del autismo (TEA) que también desarrollan el trastorno.
Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) is a rare pervasive developmental disorder that involves regression after a period of at least 2 years of typical development. This case study presents data from family home movies, coded by reliable raters using an objective coding system, to examine the trajectory of development in one child with a reported regression at 48 months of age. Coding substantiated parent reports of mostly typical early development, followed by later catastrophic loss of skills across many developmental domains. Differential diagnosis of CDD and autism with regression is discussed.
This paper introduces a series of 12 papers written in memory of Professor Ángel Rivière Gómez on the twentieth anniversary of his death. These papers analyse monographically this author's theoretical agenda on autism by reviewing the lines of research that he developed and by critically comparing his contributions with more recent knowledge.
RESUMENEste artículo introduce una serie de 12 trabajos redactados en memoria del profesor Ángel Rivière Gómez en el vigésimo aniversario de su fallecimiento. Justifica que esos trabajos analicen monográficamente la agenda teórica de este autor sobre el autismo revisando las líneas de investigación que él desarrolló y comparando críticamente sus aportaciones con el conocimiento más reciente.
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