Rivaroxaban (RVX) was suggested to possess anti-inflammatory and vascular tone modulatory effects. The goal of this study was to investigate whether RVX impacts lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute vascular inflammatory response. Male rats were treated with 5 mg/kg RVX (oral gavage) followed by 10 mg/kg LPS i.p injection. Circulating levels of IL-6, MCP-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 were measured in plasma 6 and 24 hours after LPS injection, while isolated aorta was used for gene expression analysis, immunohistochemistry, and vascular tone evaluation. RVX pre-treatment significantly reduced LPS mediated increase after 6h and 24h for IL-6 (4.4±2.2 and 2.8±1.7 fold), MCP-1 (1.4±1.5 and 1.3±1.4 fold) VCAM-1 (1.8±2.0 and 1.7±2.1 fold). A similar trend was observed in the aorta for iNOS (5.5±3.3 and 3.3±1.9 folds reduction, P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively), VCAM-1 (1.3±1.2 and 1.4±1.3 fold reduction, P<0.05), and MCP-1 (3.9±2.2 and 1.9±1.6 fold reduction, P<0.01). Moreover, RVX pre-treatment, improved LPS-induced PE contractile dysfunction in aortic rings (Control vs LPS, Emax reduction = 35.4 and 31.19%, P<0.001; Control vs LPS+RVX, Emax reduction = 10.83 and 11.48%, P>0.05, respectively), resulting in 24.5% and 19.7% change in maximal constriction in LPS and LPS+RVX respectively. These data indicate that RVX pre-treatment attenuates LPS-induced acute vascular inflammation and contractile dysfunction.
Among the various medicinal plants, the black seed is emerging as a miracle herb with a rich historical background, as much research has revealed its wide spectrum of pharmacological potential. In this collection of literature, we have encountered and presented the preclinical treatment, as alternative medicine of Nigella sativa in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, as well as those that continue to be discovered by contemporary actual scientific data. Research to date has confirmed the pharmacological potential of the seed of Nigella sativa, its oil and extracts of some of its bioactive constituents, which possess remarkable pharmacological activity, in vitro and in vivo against a large spectrum of diseases, and it has been found that the use of black seed is relatively safe. Black Seed has been extensively studied for its biological activity and therapeutic potential and has been found to possess a broad spectrum of activities. Clinical trial investigations into the therapeutic effects of Nigella sativa affect the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and bronchodilator effects and have passed clinical trials and received the green light to allow the next stage of clinical trials toward therapeutic drug design. However, there is still room and multidimensional research needed for prospective clinical trials in certain groups of animals before they can be applied to humans as pharmaceutical therapies.
The activity of following enzymes: AST ‐ Asparat amino‐transferase, ALT ‐ Alamin amino‐transferase, ALP ‐ Alkaline phosphatase and LDH ‐ Lactat‐ dehydrogenase has been examined in hemolymph and hepatopancreas of Helix aspersa (N=75). Snails were sampled in several localities in Kosovo contaminated with different physical and chemical pollutants. The snails of control group were taken from Gjilan region, far away from polluted area.The results of preliminary research show that enzyme activity depends on the area where snails were sampled. Compared to the control group snails, in hemolymph and hepatopancreas belonging to snails from contaminated localities the activity of ALP and AST was significantly lower while the activity of ALT and LDH higher. Significant decline in activity of ALP (P<0.01) and AST (P<0.01) is registered in hemolymph of snails taken from Mitrovica, whereas on the other hand significant increase has been noted in activity of ALT (P<0.001) in snails taken from Obiliq and of LDH in snails taken from Mitrovica (P<0.001) and Skenderaj (P<0.01). Opposite trend was noted in the activity of these enzymes in hepatopancreas of snails from different contaminated localities, especially in snails taken from Hani i Elezit and Mitrovica. This research shows that garden snail (Helix aspersa) can be used as bioindicator of complex environmental pollution effects.
We report the case of a 67-year-old man, father of 3 children with left indirect inguinal hernia containing uterus with cervix, fallopian tube and an ovary attached to the testicle, also spread ovarian tissue and right congenital cryptorchidism. Coincidentally detected during an operation for left inguinal hernia. Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome is a rare form of male pseudo-hermaphroditism detected coincidently during surgical operation on cryptorchidism or inguinal hernia.
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