Background: Doctors wellbeing not only affects them but also it has strong impact on their surroundings as they are considered as role models in community. Aim: To assess the magnitude and any overtime change of obesity among the medical students. Methods: This study was conducted at Ameer Ud Din Medical College Lahore from February to April 2022. Informed verbal consent was taken from 159 students selected through simple Random sampling that agreed and were not having any health ailments like ascites or edema artificially increasing body weight and hormonal disorders. Analysis was done using SPSS v 23. Result: Based on BMI cut-off for Asians 21.38% medical students had BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2, 8.18% were underweight and all females. Significantly greater numbers of males were obese (BMI ≥25) as compared to females 25% (11 of 44) vs. 20% (23 of 115) and as well as in severe obese category (BMI ≥30) 11.36% (5 of 44) for male vs. 3.5% (4 of 115) females. Conclusion: Medical students have comparatively lesser prevalence than general public and this has improved over the passage of time and in comparison of similar population of the other province but has shown both increase in Pre-obesity prevalence and under nutrition trend in female medical students demanding to search the possible factors for this double burden Malnutrition among female medical students. Keywords: Obesity, Prevalence, MBBS Students.
Background: Children of school age are susceptible to refractive error, which has a significant negative influence on lowering the learning capacity and educational potential. Aim: To estimate the frequency of different types of refractive erors in children, age group 11 to 16 year, visiting eye OPD H.M.C Peshawar. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Place and duration of study: Study has been conducted at Eye OPD of H.M.C Peshawar in three months duration. Methods: A total of 308 patients fulfilling the inclusion criterion were examined for Visual acuity. Distance visual acuity was measured both monocularly and binocularly by using a Snellen E chart at a distance of 6 meter. After refraction, best corrected visual acuity was assessed and recorded. Refractive status was recorded according to the criterion. Results: A total of 308 subjects were examined, out of which 73 (23%) were having Ammetropia i.e. having refractive error. Among 73 refractive error children 27 (36.98 %) were having Myopia and 24 (32.87%) were having Hyperopia and 22 (30.13%) were Astigmatic. It was found that male were more affected than females, having frequency of 63% and 36.98% respectively. Conclusion: Refractive error can no longer be ignored as a target for urgent action. The world must make every effort to meet the goals of VISION 2020. A child’s whole life may get ruined just because of uncorrected or inappropriately corrected Refractive error. There is dire need of public awareness regarding refractive errors and availability of services. The results show a great burden of refractive error patients on the hospital, so the facilities of the refractive services need to be increased. Keywords: Refractive error, visual acquity, Ammetropia, Hyperopia, Myopia
One of the major challenges faced by developing world for achieving universal health care includes shortage of Manpower indicated by the fact that an estimated one billion people will never see a health worker during the course of their lives. As a consequence to this shortage millions of people die or are disabled each year1. One solution to this dilemma was increasing health workforce by induction of community health workers (CHWs), members of the community who are trained to provide basic health services. They offer the first and at times only admittance to health services for people in the developing world2. But, research has shown that, CHWs are not effectively trained, remunerated, or retained. In Pakistan Lady Health Worker Program started with the overall goal to contribute to poverty reduction by improving the health of the people. So Lady Health Workers (LHWs) were recruited and trained to provide family planning services and primary health care (PHC) in their own communities3. The health services, based on PHC, include among other things: education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them, and provision of essential drugs and supplies. One of the major current problems is Abortion. Worldwide 61% (Six out of 10) of all unintended pregnancies, and 29 % (3 out of 10) of all pregnancies, end in induced abortion. And out of all abortions around 45% are unsafe, of which 97% occurring in developing countries4. An estimated Over two million abortions are performed annually in Pakistan5. Involved health risks depend on whether the procedure is performed safely or unsafely. Unsafe abortion is common in rural areas, where plant species are used to terminate an unwanted pregnancy6 and restricted abortion law countries ,where most attempt to self-abort or go to untrained person7. fIn Pakistan, mostly abortions are due to unwanted pregnancy, poverty, lack of awareness about Reproductive Health and Family planning methods on part of both husband and wife. Abortion related care includes emergency treatment of abortion, post-abortion family planning services including counseling and making links between the post-abortion emergency services and the reproductive healthcare system. A Lady Health worker informs and counsels any pregnant adolescent about the possible consequences (medical and psychological) of unsafe abortion. In case of any of any of such complication’s immediate referral to a higher health facility (often a hospital) is needed where she can get sufficient care. Delay in seeking care specially demands improved reproductive health information about abortion care. Improving current PAC services at lower level facilities will also minimize delays resulting from long referral processes8. Improving knowledge through trainings of the health workers about prevention of abortion and risk factors will bridge the gap between the current and ideally required level of knowledge for delivering preventive abortion related health care services. Theses trained health workers can utilize this knowledge for increasing awareness among reproductive age group females especially of rural community. And eventually abortion related morbidity and mortality can be significantly reduced which will contribute for attainment of the Sustainable MDG related to decreasing maternal morbidity and mortality.
Background: A refractive error is a very common eye disorder which occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus outside world images ending up with blurred vision but timely detection and intervention can enormously enhance student’s potential during his or her formative years. Medical student’s Refractive status is of immense importance considering the burden of medical studies and their role as future health care providers. Aim: To assess the Prevalence of Refractive errors among 4th Year Medical students of D.G. Khan Medical College, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Study Design was Cross sectional Comparative. Place of study was D.G Khan Medical College, Dera Ghazi Khan Duration: Six months. Results: Myopic were 42/80 (52.5%) out of which 2/42(4.76 %) also had Astigmatism while 1/80(1.25%) had Hyperopia. Severe Myopic were 3.0/80 (3.8%) in both right and left eyes while 10/80 (12.5%) and 11/80(13.8%) fall in moderate category in right and left eyes respectively. Mild were 29/80 (36.3%) in right while 28/80(35.0%) in left eye. Only 2.0/80(2.5%) were having Astigmatism in both eyes along with mild Myopia. Significant association found between Age and sex of medical students with the Refractive errors. Conclusion: According to currents study findings High prevalence of Refractive Errors especially Myopia among female medical students tends to be alarming. It demands implementation of more structured student awareness campaigns focusing genetic factors to help prevent and control more cases of eye defect among medical students, society and Nation at large. Future study can be focused on causes of high Refractive Errors among female medical students. Key Words: Refractive Error, Myopia, Hypermetropia, Astigmatism and Medical Students.
Aim: To determine prevalence of refractive errors & underlying factors amongst students of Islam Medical College, Sialkot. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and duration: At Islam Medical College, Sialkot, from August to October 2019 Methods: Our study was descriptive cross sectional study, evaluated by the formulation of a detailed questionnaire, which was answered by all respondents. One hundred and fifty students doing MBBS were selected by simple random sampling. The data was analysed using IBM SPSS. Results: It was found out that refractive errors were present in 93 out of 150 (62%) medical students of Islam medical college. Prevalence of myopia (59.3%) was found to be the commonest type of refractive error (95.7% of those having refractive errors). On the same hand the possible underlying factors for causation of refractive errors were mainly found to be present in majority of the people having refractive errors. The greater number of the people responded about their feeling better after wearing spectacles. Conclusion: Arising from our this study; the significance of the prevalence of refractive errors especially myopia, the presence of possible underlying factors and the positive effect of wearing the spectacles, in the students of Islam Medical College Sialkot, has been highlighted. Keywords: Ametropes, Emmetropes, Medical students, prevalence, refractive errors, underlying factors,
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