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This study indicated that the use of lavender aromatherapy reduced menopause flushing. Given the impact of stress on flushing and the undesirable effects of menopause symptoms on the quality of life, it would appear that this simple, noninvasive, safe, and effective method can be used by menopausal women with noticeable benefits.

Background:Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common complaint in adolescents and adult young women that disturbs their daily life performance.Aim:The current study investigated the effect of lavender aromatherapy on pain severity in primary dysmenorrhea.Subjects and Methods:This triple-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 200 students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Subjects were allocated randomly into intervention (lavender) and control (placebo) groups. The researcher assistant asked the participants to smell the lavender in the first 3 days of menstruation, 30 min in a day in two menstrual cycles. Control group was also administered placebo (diluted milk) to be used as lavender in treatment group. Pain severity was scored by visual analog scale in the first 3 days of menstruation before intervention and 2 months after intervention. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and independent and paired samples t-tests.Results:There was a significant difference in average pain severity between treatment and control groups after intervention. However, students in the treatment group reported significantly less pain severity 2 months after intervention (P < 0.01).Conclusion:Using lavender aromatherapy for 2 months may be effective in decreasing the pain severity of primary dysmenorrhea.

Introduction:Effective communication skill, along with other clinical skills, is one of the essential needs for students of different disciplines of medical science. According to studies, also this matter that students how learn to communicate with other people can help them be effective in educational quality. Due to the lack of study on this subject, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between students 'communication skills with their course satisfaction in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods:All midwifery and operating room students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences were entered into this analytical study. Data collection was performed through demographic questionnaire, Queen Dom communication skill and course satisfaction surveys. Data were analyzed by the SPSS18 software using descriptive and analytical statistics methods including t-test and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results:In this study, 98 people of operating room students and 89 people of midwifery students participated, which 38.5% of them were male and 61.5% of them were female. The average age of students was 21.07±1.68 years. Total mean of communication skills was 115±8 and course satisfaction was 58±11. Also, a significant relationship was found between student's communication skill and their course satisfaction (p≤0.001, r=0.42). Conclusion:In view of the direct relationship between students 'communication skills with their course satisfaction, to increase student's satisfaction with their course, taking steps to improve students' communication skills is essential.

Background Managing labor pain by performing massage is one of the useful strategies to reduce the rate of cesarean section and increase the tendency of women for pregnancy. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the best time for massage therapy to reduce the labor pain and anxiety. In this regard, the present study was conducted to determine the cervical dilatation appropriate for performing massage in order to reduce the labor pain and anxiety. Methods This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 60 nulliparous pregnant women. Eligible participants with active phase of labor were divided randomly into two groups. The intervention group received the massage three times in of dilatation 5–7–9 cm for 20 min each time by same person without the use of oil in the LDR, based on Kimber massage instructions. In the control group, all routine care was performed except massage. Pain intensity was assessed using pain ruler. Demographic and anxiety data were collected through questionnaires. Results The difference between the mean pains in the studied groups was significant in 7 cm (p < 0.0001) of cervical dilatation but was not significant in 5 cm (p = 0.084) and 9 cm (p = 0.591) dilatation. Massage effectively decreased pain intensity. The mean maternal anxiety was not significant at the beginning of the study, but was significant after performing massage (p < 0.0001) and anxiety score in the massage group decreased from 63.36 ± 5.28 (severe anxiety) at the beginning to 42.60 ± 5.83 (moderate anxiety) at the end of the study. In the control group, it increased from 66.33 ± 7.66 to 67.1 ± 5.65. Conclusion The appropriate dilatation of cervix for massage in order to reduce labor pain was observed in 7 cm. Also, massage had a significant effect on reducing anxiety. Therefore, massage is recommended as a routine care in 7 cm cervical dilatations. Trial registration This trial was registered with the Iran Trial Center (trial ID: IRCT20140118016255N5). https://en.irct.ir/trial/28120

Background & Aims: Pregnancy is a sensitive period in a woman's life that is affected by woman's sexual and behavioral activities due to anatomical and physiological changes caused by pregnancy. Insufficient information about sex during pregnancy leads to stress and unrest. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the pattern of sexual intercourse during pregnancy in the form of a systematic review study. Materials & Methods:In this systematic review study, initially Marital relationship pattern, sexual intercourse, pregnancy, sexual intercourse, pregnancy, sex, sexual function keywords and the English keywords: Marital relationship pattern, sexual intercourse, sexual intercourse in pregnancy, Marriages were searched in databases. Out of 59 articles, 21 articles related to the subject were finally included in the study based on the inclusion criteria. Results:The results of the data indicate that the sexual desire and function of pregnant women during pregnancy is unpredictable and there is a pattern of variability and instability in each trimester of pregnancy. The results of the studies showed that most of the couples in the first and third trimester reported a decrease in sexual intercourse while it increased in the second trimester. Conclusion:According to the results of previous studies, the rate of sexual intercourse in pregnancy has decreased significantly compared to before pregnancy. Effective measures can be taken to reduce sexual dysfunction in pregnancy with maximum ability in three areas of health, educational measures, and supportive measures.

Background Andropause is a syndrome that occurs due to decreased androgen levels in men. Various aspects of health such as social well-being can affect andropause status during men's retirement. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of andropause symptoms and its relationship with social well-being among retired male nurses.Methods This preliminary cross-sectional study was conducted on 284 retired male nurses in Ardabil (northwest of Iran). The participants were selected through the census sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic information form, Male Andropause Symptoms Self-Assessment Questionnaire (MASSQ), and Social Well-Being Scale (SWBS). Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22).Results The mean scores of MASSQ and SWBS were 57.24 (12.62) and 94.54 (12.77), respectively. There was a significantly inverse relationship between andropause and SWB status (p < 0.05). The subscales of SWB together with age, marital status, and spouse’s menopause could thus predict 53.1% of the variance of andropause probability.Conclusion Considering the predictive role of SWB and some background variables in andropause symptoms, further studies are required to find the main causes of this syndrome and provide efficient solutions for correcting its related factors.