BACKGROUND: International research collaboration (IRC) is known as one of the important indicators of productivity, efficiency, and validity of universities in the world. In other words, IRC is necessary for the scientific trade-off between researchers in international scientific societies. The study aimed to address the experiences of an academic researcher about factors related to IRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted using a qualitative approach and conventional content analysis method. The participants consisted of 19 experienced faculty members and researchers from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, who were selected based on the purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using the content analysis technique. Guba and Lincoln's evaluative criteria, including credibility, confirmability, dependability, and transferability, were applied to evaluate the trustworthiness of the study. RESULTS: According to the research findings, factors of “personal skills,” “personality,” “professional position,” and “scientific activities” under the category of personal factors; “rules and regulations” and “equipment and facilities” under the organizational factors; and “domestic policies” and “foreign policies” were identified under the government factors category. CONCLUSION: Research collaborations are influenced by individual, intra-academic, and extra-academic factors; thus, research policymakers can help further to enhance the quantity and quality of scientific output and promote the university's placing in international rankings through providing conditions that enable international interactions.
Background & Aims of the Study:The dyes present in the effluent from the textile industry are among the most polluted and hazardous wastewater discharged, causing severe changes in water quality and the environment. The use of agricultural residues as inexpensive organic adsorbents is very suitable for removing industrial dyes from aquatic solutions, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of activated carbon synthesized from carrot waste as an inexpensive and available organic adsorbent in the removal of Acid Red 18 (AR18) dye. Materials and Methods: In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was discussed as an efficient method for the optimization of AR18 adsorption onto PAC (obtained from waste carrot) coated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. ANOVA analysis based on the Box-Behnken design-RSM was applied to investigate the correlation coefficient of PAC (Synthesized Carrot Waste). Adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and pH were optimized and evaluated using RSM with respect to contact time on adsorption of AR18. Moreover, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Fourier-transform infrared, and field emission scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to study the adsorbent properties and characteristics of PAC. Isotherm data were modeled with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. Results: The results obtained from Langmuir isotherm showed the best fit to experimental data proposing homogeneous dispersion of adsorption sites. Moreover, the compatibility of the adsorbent was examined by fitting the adsorption data with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results of ANOVA analysis showed a good fit between quadratic model predictions with experimental values, resulting in R 2 of 0.997 for PAC. The results showed 99.7% of dye AR18 was removed after 80 min, pH at 3, and the adsorbent dose of 1.5 g. Conclusion:It can be concluded that PAC (Synthesized Carrot Waste) has great potential applications for the removal of AR18 dye from the textile industry. Large-scale applications of adsorbent and adsorbate, due to their recuperation and reusability characteristics, are proposed by observations and experimental results of this study.
Metal Cr and CrIII components usually are not harmful but CrVI is poisonous in case it is swallowed. Half of a tea spoon of Cr VI is fatal. Plating industry and waste waters polluted with CrVI are considered as one of the most im-portant sources of its exposal and emission. Today Bio- absorbents are sub-jects of studies to resolve the above issues. This paper is to study kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic analysis of Cr adsorption via applying canola meal. Effective parameters in adsorption such as: pH, contact time, adsor-bent dose, temperature and initial concentration of CrVI metal are consid-ered as independent variables and final concentration of Cr VI is considered as dependent variable. Changing one variable while keeping other variables constant is a basic principle in every experiment. The best adsorption effi-ciency of crude canola was obtained in pH 7 and for canola modified with CTAB in pH 2. The optimum dose of adsorbent for both crude and modified canola was equal to 0.150g/L. also the best contact time was 60 minutes. Maximum adsorption obtained in 12.5 mg/lit CrVI concentration and in 60°c. With respect to capacity of Cr VI adsorption in canola meal it can be applied to remove the CrVI and similar pollutants from water and waste water.
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