Limited studies have investigated the relative influence of both external and internal factors in the implementation of community-based urban agriculture (UA) (ICUA). Furthermore, little research exists explaining how different mechanisms might influence urban residents’ decision to participate in UA. Our research tested the direct effect of several predictors on ICUA using structural equational modelling. In addition, we tested the mediation effect between the predictors and the ICUA that may exist as well. Results are based on data from 200 agricultural professionals in the Zanjan province in northwest Iran. We found that “personal characteristics”, “UA positive and negative consequences”, “sociocultural”, and “economic” factors affect ICUA. Among all factors, “personal characteristics” had the strongest direct effect on ICUA. The indirect model incorporating “attitude” provided support for the mediation model. We found “personal characteristics”, “UA positive and negative consequences”, and “sociocultural” influenced ICUA indirectly through “attitude.” Among all factors, “sociocultural” had the strongest indirect effect on ICUA. This information is of use to policy-makers and program planners in identifying points of policy interventions and mechanisms for promoting UA.
The widespread prevalence of using chemical substances such as fertilizers and pesticides in garden threatens the health of horticulturists. This study aimed to investigate the underlying elements of protective behavior of horticulturists from psychological aspects. The health Belief Model is the theoretical basis of this study and moderating the role of locus of control is explored over the model. The target population of study was horticulturists of Zanjan County, Iran. A questionnaire was distributed among a random sample of 293, who were selected using multi stage stratified sampling. The study results revealed that all elements of the proposed theory significantly influence the protective behavior. Furthermore, the study results confirmed the moderating effects of locus of control on the path relation between perceived profit and cues to action with protective behavior. The suggestions to improve protective behavior for individual with internal and external locus of control are presented. Highlights• The Health Belief Model as a model that explains why individuals do not participate in protecting their health used in this study to design educational interventions to prevent gardeners' health risks.• The study results revealed that all elements of proposed theory include: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action significantly influence the protective behavior.• The locus of control moderated the path relation between perceived profit and cues to action with protective behavior.• Perceived threat, which in this study was conceptualized as a person's mental belief about the chance of being susceptible to potential danger and the severity of the danger, showed a significant influence on the protective behavior of gardeners for both groups of individuals with high internal and external locus of control.
Understanding drivers of farmers’ extractive and non-extractive behavior regarding natural resources has become increasingly important in the face of anthropogenic climatic change, which is a major challenge in today’s world. Non-extractive behavior on the farm refers to the use of natural resources to the extent that it is possible to renew the context and not harm nature and non-renewable resources. Extractive behavior on the farm is associated with the extensive extraction of natural resources without provision for their renewal such as digging deeper wells instead of using water optimally, using chemical fertilizers with more repetition and higher dosage instead of the bio-fertilizers, and as a later result more climate change. To successfully respond human-made climate change using a cognitive hierarchy model, the influence of values on belief and behavior was assessed by a survey method among farmers of Zanjan province, Iran. A representative sample of 265 farmers was surveyed using proportional randomized multi-stage sampling. The results revealed that value orientation significantly elucidated 21% of the variability in non-extractive behavior and 26% of extractive behavior variance in a direct way and through beliefs in climate change. The recommendations have been presented to increase farmer’s efforts to reduce their ecological footprint in nature.
Understanding the drivers of farmers’ extractive and non-extractive behavior regarding natural resources became increasingly important in the face of anthropogenic climatic change which is a major challenge of today world. Non extractive or adaptive uses of natural resources in the farm refers to crop diversification, soil and water conservation, less volumes of CO2 emissions. Extractive behavior in the farm is associated with digging deeper wells instead of using water optimally, using chemical fertilizers with more repetition and higher dosage instead of bio-fertilizers, carbon emission and as a result more climate change. To successfully respond to climate change using a cognitive hierarchy model influence of values on the belief and behavior has been assessed among farmers of Zanjan province. The results depicted that value orientations directly and through beliefs in climate change significantly elucidated 21 percent of variability in non-extractive behavior and 26 percent of extractive behavior variance. Further, we found an intergenerational difference in value orientations and behaviors. The recommendations have been presented to increase people's efforts to reduce their ecological footprint in the nature.
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