Medication errors are one of the most common types of medical errors. In Intensive Care Units, because of its special circumstances, the risk of such errors is increasing. There are several causes for the medication errors of nurses, including environmental factors. Objective: The current study aimed at determining environmental factors contributing to medication errors based on the perceptions of ICU nurses. Materials and Methods: The current analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 281 nurses working in special care units ICU of hospitals affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Nurses' perspectives of environmental factors were investigated using a two-part researcher-designed questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Results: Two factors with a predictive power of 68.32% remained as the most important environmental factors. The first factor explained 36.47% of the total variance of medication errors and the second factor explained 31.84%. The first factor consisted of three variables of "poor lighting", "high noise levels", and "inappropriate room temperature", while the second factor included the variables of "high number of patients", "lack of equipment for injection and drop-rate setting", and "inadequate space for medication preparation". Among these variables, poor lighting with a factor loading of 0.89 was reported as the most important environmental factor contributing to medication errors. Conclusion: Since poor lighting, high noise levels, and inappropriate room temperature were determined as the most contributing environmental factors to medication errors, it is recommended that managers and authorities of hospitals prevent and mitigate medication errors and improve patient's safety by modifying environmental conditions.

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Introduction: In women who are at risk for tuberculosis, the possibility of pelvic tuberculosis should always be considered along with other diagnoses. In virgin girls pelvic tuberculosis is rare, and due to nonspecific symptoms and radiographic studies, there is a possibility of misdiagnosis, and mortality so strong clinical suspicion, especially in girls exposed to tuberculosis is important in diagnosing the disease. Case presentation: This case report describes a 12 years old virgin girl with diffuse pelvic tuberculosis and peritonitis. In the examinations, there were tenderness and rebound in the abdominal examination and a fever of 38 degrees. Menarche was at the age of ten and the patient did not report menstrual irregularities. An ultrasound of the right ovary showed an 8 cm cystic mass with some fluid in the pelvis. Conclusion: Therefore, in women who are at risk for tuberculosis, the possibility of pelvic tuberculosis should always be considered along with other diagnoses.