At the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a Surface Array Enhancement is planned, consisting of 32 hybrid stations, placed within the current IceTop footprint. This surface enhancement will considerably increase the detection sensitivity to cosmic rays in the 100 TeV to 1 EeV primary energy range, measure the effects of snow accumulation on the existing IceTop tanks and serve as R&D for the possible future large-scale surface array of IceCube-Gen2. Each station has one central hybrid DAQ, which reads out 8 scintillation detectors and 3 radio antennas. The radio antenna SKALA-2 is used in this array due to its low-noise, high amplification and sensitivity in the 70-350 MHz frequency band. Every scintillation detector has an active area of 1.5 m 2 organic plastic scintillators connected by wavelength-shifting fibers, which are connected to a silicon photomultiplier. The signals from the scintillation detectors are integrated and digitized by a local custom electronics board and transferred to the central DAQ. When triggered by the scintillation detectors, the filtered and amplified analog waveforms from the radio antennas are read out and digitized by the central DAQ. A full prototype station has been developed and built and was installed at the South Pole in January 2020. It is planned to install the full array by 2026. In this contribution the hardware design of the array as well as the installation plans will be presented.
DEAP-3600 is a multi-tonne experiment at SNOLAB, an underground laboratory located at a depth of 2 km in Sudbury, Canada. The detector is filled with approximately 3.3 tonnes of liquid argon contained in a 1.7 m diameter ultra-low-background acrylic vessel operating at a temperature of 87 K and is designed for the direct detection of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), one of the most promising dark matter candidates. DEAP-3600 sets world-leading constraints on TeV-scale mass dark matter searches with liquid argon as scattering target, as well as on Planckscale mass dark matter. The detector relies on the pulseshape discrimination method, which allows the rejection of electronic recoil backgrounds with better than 10 −10 leakage probability at 50% nuclear recoil acceptance above 18 keVee. In this contribution, the latest results from DEAP-3600 will be presented, including a description of the background model as well as dark matter search results.
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the geographic South Pole is, with its surface and in-ice detectors, used for both neutrino and cosmic-ray physics. The surface array, named IceTop, consists of ice-Cherenkov tanks grouped in 81 pairs spanning a 1 km 2 area. An enhancement of the surface array, composed of elevated scintillation panels and radio antennas, was designed over the last years in order to increase the scientific capabilities of IceTop. The surface radio antennas, in particular, will be able to reconstruct 𝑋 max , an observable widely used to determine the mass composition of cosmic rays. A complete prototype station of this enhanced array was deployed in the Austral summer of 2019/20 at the South Pole. This station comprises three antennas and eight scintillation panels, arranged in a three-arms star shape. The nominal frequency band of the radio antennas is 70 to 350 MHz. In this work, we use a state-of-the-art reconstruction method in which observed events are compared directly to CoREAS simulations to obtain an estimation of the air-shower variables, in particular, energy and 𝑋 max . We will show the results in this unique frequency band using the three prototype antennas.
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