The use of an antibiotic (amoxicillin/clavulanate) in the postoperative period is able to improve the outcome in the early blood crust healing phase: nasal obstruction and drainage are reduced and the endoscopic score objectively showed a faster recovery.

Cancer treatments which include conventional chemotherapy have not proven very successful in curing human malignancies. The failures of these treatment modalities include inherent resistance, systemic toxicity and severe side effects. Out of 50% patients administrated to chemotherapy, only 5% survive. For these reasons, the identification of new drug designs and therapeutic strategies that could target cancer cells while leaving normal cells unaffected still continues to be a challenge. Despite advances that have led to the development of new therapies, treatment options are still limited for many types of cancers. This review provides an overview of platinum, copper and ruthenium metal based anticancer drugs in clinical trials and in vitro/in vivo studies. Presumably, copper and ruthenium complexes have greater potential than Pt(II) complexes, showing reduced toxicity, a new mechanism of action, a different spectrum of activity and the possibility of non-cross-resistance. We focus the discussion towards past, present and future aspects.

From the multitude of materials currently available on the market that can be used in the development of microparticles, sodium alginate has become one of the most studied natural anionic polymers that can be included in controlled-release pharmaceutical systems alongside other polymers due to its low cost, low toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and gelatinous die-forming capacity in the presence of Ca2+ ions. In this review, we have shown that through coacervation, the particulate systems for the dispensing of drugs consisting of natural polymers are nontoxic, allowing the repeated administration of medicinal substances and the protection of better the medicinal substances from degradation, which can increase the capture capacity of the drug and extend its release from the pharmaceutical form.

Nowadays, the discovery of a new non-toxic metal complex with biological activity represents a very active area of research. Two Cu+2 complexes, [Cu(L1)2(H2O)3] (C1) (HL1= N-(5-(4-methylphenyl)-[1,3,4]–thiadiazole–2-yl)-naphtalenesulfonamide) and [Cu(L2)2(py)2(H2O)] (C2) (HL2= N-(5-ethyl-[1,3,4]–thiadiazole–2-yl)-naphtalenesulfonamide), with two new ligands were synthesized. The X-ray crystal structures of the complexes were determined. In both complexes, Cu+2 is five-coordinated, forming a CuN2O3 and CuN4O chromophore, respectively. The ligands act as monodentate, coordinating the metal ion through a single Nthiadiazole atom; for the C2 complex, the molecules from the reaction medium (pyridine and water) are also involved in the coordination of Cu+2. The complexes have a distorted square pyramidal square-planar geometry. The compounds were characterized by FT-IR, electronic EPR spectroscopy, and magnetic methods. The nuclease activity studies confirm the complexes’ capacity to cleave the DNA molecule. Using a xanthine-xanthine oxydase system, the SOD mimetic activity of the complexes was demonstrated. Cytotoxicity studies were carried out on two tumor cell lines (HeLa, WM35) and on a normal cell line (HFL1) using the MTT method, with cisplatin used as a positive control. The antibacterial activity of the complexes was investigated against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria, and compared with Amoxicillin and Norfloxacin using the disk diffusion method. Both complexes showed in vitro biological activity but the C2 complex was more active. A lack of in vivo toxicity was demonstrated for the C2 complex by performing hepatic, renal, and hematological studies on Swiss mice.

Co-crystal formation is of significant current interest, especially in the context of pharmaceutical development. 1 The reaction between the antibacterial sulfadimidine [4-amino-N-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamide] and a series of benzoic acid derivatives, both in the solid-state and in solution, yielded 1:1 co-crystals whose properties and solid-state reactions have recently been reviewed. 2 The title structure 1 (Fig. 1) is a representative member of this series, typified by the formation of the R(8) hydrogen bonded motif between the cocrystallizing partners. An earlier attempt to correlate the N-H·O and O-H·N distances comprising this specific R 2 2 (8) system with pKa differences between the co-crystal partners was partially successful, but was based on the X-ray structures of a series of analogs that contained only one co-crystal molecule in the asymmetric unit. 3 An examination of the title structure, however, with two molecules of the co-crystal in the asymmetric unit, allows possible effects of the crystal packing on the variability of the hydrogen bonded parameters to be distinguished.Colorless crystals of 1 were grown by the slow evaporation of an acetonitrile solution containing an equimolar mixture of sulfadimidine and p-chlorobenzoic acid. As proven by PXRD analysis, the identical phase could also be obtained by solidstate co-grinding of the components in a ball-mill for 10 min. Although sulfadimidine and p-chlorobenzoic acid yielded DSC fusion endotherms peaking at 197 and 243˚C, respectively, 1 melted at 207˚C. Co-crystal formation was also confirmed by shifts of the N-H infrared stretching bands of pure sulfadimidine (3436, 3337, 3236 cm -1 ) to significantly higher frequencies in the product (3469, 3376, 3256 cm -1 ). Intensity data were measured from a crystal of size 0.38 ¥ 0.38 ¥ 0.40 mm at room temperature (294 ± 2 K), and were corrected for Lp and absorption effects. With Z = 8, the space group P21/c requires the asymmetric unit to comprise two cocrystal units. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares on F 2 using SHELXL 97. All hydrogen atoms were located unequivocally in difference