Halicephalobus gingivalis (H. gingivalis) causes a rare and fatal infection in horses and humans. Despite the zoonotic potential and severity of the disease, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of halicephalobiasis are still poorly understood. Several European cases of equine halicephalobiasis have been documented; however, in South-Eastern European countries, including Romania, equine neurohelminthiasis caused by H. gingivalis has not been previously described. Two Lipizzaner horses with a clinical history of progressive neurological signs were referred to the Pathology Department of the Cluj-Napoca (Romania) for necropsy. Both horses died with severe neurological signs. Gross examination and cytological, histological, and molecular analyses were performed. The stallions came from two different breeding farms. No history of traveling outside Romania was recorded. At necropsy, granulomatous and necrotizing lesions were observed in the kidneys, lymph nodes, brain, retroperitoneal adipose tissue, and lungs, indicating a systemic infection. Parasitological and histopathological analyses evidenced larval and adult forms of rhabditiform nematodes consistent with Halicephalobus species. Parasites were observed in both lymph and blood vessels of different organs and were also identified in urine samples. A subunit of the large-subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA) of H. gingivalis (673 bp) was amplified from lesions in both horses.To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of equine systemic H. gingivalis infection in Romania and in South-Eastern Europe. Our findings provide new insights into the geographic distribution of specific genetic lineages of H. gingivalis, while also raising public health awareness, as the parasite is zoonotic.
Round cell neoplasms (RCNs) are frequent cutaneous lesions in dogs, with high percentages among skin tumors. In this category are included histiocytoma, mast cell tumor, plasmacytoma, lymphoma and transmissible venereal tumor. The aim of the study was to perform an epidemiological study with reference to the cutaneous round cell tumors in a period of 10 years in the Department of Pathology (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ClujNapoca, Romania). Additionally, in the recorded cases with round cell tumors (mast cell tumor, histiocytoma and lymphoma) we described the main histological and cytological features. The epidemiological data were collected from the records of Pathology Department between 2005-2014. The investigation included dogs diagnosed with cutaneous round cell neoplasms, following necropsy analysis or assessment of biopsies or cytological samples. All collected specimens were analyzed by histopathological and/or cytological techniques. The staining used for histological investigation were Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome and Toluidine blue, whereas Diff Quikand Wright methods were utilized in cytological specimens. The distribution of the cutaneous round cell tumors in relation to age, breed and sex was also assessed. The most frequent round cell tumor type was the mast cell tumor (19.54%) followed by histiocytoma (11.33%) and lymphoma (1.98%). The round cell tumors recorded were equally distributed in both males and females. Concerning the distribution of cutaneous RCNs by age (average age), histiocytoma occurred in 5 years old subjects, mast cell tumor in 11.9 years old subjects, and lymphoma in 6 years old subjects. Mast cell tumor was more frequent in stray dogs and Boxer breed, while histiocytoma occurred more commonly in stray dogs. Histological and cytological analysis was mandatory to perform the differential diagnosis between RCNs. Microscopic details concerning cytoplasm and nucleus of tumoral cells, together with the displaying mode in histological specimens may reveal the type of RCN. Cutaneous round cell tumors had an increased incidence, aspect observed in other reports too. The differential diagnosis has to rely on some specific microscopical features that can suggest the type of RCN.
Lymphoma is one of the main neoplasms that affects dogs, representing 80-90% of all hematopoietic tumors and 8-9% of all tumors. In the current paper we assessed the incidence of canine lymphomas that were diagnosed in the Pathology Department (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania) over a ten-year period (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014).The epidemiological data were collected from the records of the Pathology Department (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania) in the last decade. The investigation included dogs diagnosed with lymphoma, following necropsy analysis or assessment of biopsies or cytological samples collected by fine needle aspiration from lymph nodes. All collected specimens were analyzed for histopathological diagnosis. We analyzed the distribution of canine lymphoma in relation to age, breed and sex, as well as the proportion of each anatomical form of lymphoma. The highest prevalence of lymphoma was observed in dogs aged 6 to 9, in Mongrels, Rottweiler and German shepherd dogs, with a very small difference between males and females. 79.8% of the dogs in this study were diagnosed with multicentric lymphoma, 5.76% with the gastrointestinal form, 5.76% with the cutaneous form, 4.8% were extranodal lymphomas and 3.84% were mediastinal ones. The results we obtained are agree with the statistics cited in the research literature. Considering that canine lymphoma is a common tumor in individuals of various ages, sexes and breeds, further epidemiological reports may aid in the establishment of the main risk factors for this entity.
Epidemiological studies in domestic animal populations can deliver useful details concerning the incidence of neoplastic lesions, which may aid in the identification of risk factors. In the proposed study, we considered the incidence and prevalence of tumors in dogs in Voula (a suburb area of Athens, Greece) and Cluj-Napoca (Romania) for a period of 10 years. The obtained data were compared in order to observe the main differences in the suggested regions. The data were collected from the records of Pathology Department (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania) and a hospital in Voula (a suburb area of Athens, Greece), respectively, in the last decade. Several differences were observed between Voula (Athens) and Cluj regions concerning tumor occurrence. The incidence of mammary gland neoplasm in Cluj County was two times higher compared to the findings from Voula (Athens). Furthermore, the occurrence of skin neoplasms was half in Cluj compared to the records in Greece, where skin neoplasms were the most prevalent tumors. Another difference was the incidence of tumors in the lymphatic system which was very low in Cluj (approximately six times less) than in Voula (Athens). Concerning the highest tumoral prevalence in various dog breeds, the most affected were Mongrel and German shepherd (somehow similar with the results obtained in Cluj County). The incidence of cancer in dog fluctuates according to the investigated area, suggesting that determining environmental risk factors may contribute to the neoplastic lesion development.
Recently, the veterinarians are dealing with a number of cases that require forensic expertise. Such a circumstance could be the accidental electrocution in animals, one of the causes of unnatural death. There is a scarcity with reference to the pathological findings in veterinary forensic medicine. In this paper, we present the main lesions that occurred in a horse with accidental electrocution that was presented for complete necropsy survey. A horse corpse was sent to the Pathology Department (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania) for a full medical survey. Preliminary results and external examination: the body was in rigor mortis; from the nasal cavities drained out reddish foam and in the mouth was observed the presence of ingested feed (straw) that was not chewed, suggesting a quick death. The findings detected after internal examination of the carcass were poor blood coagulability, haemorrhagic diathesis throughout the body, with haemorrhages of various sizes in different body regions (e.g., muscles of the withers, in the gluteal muscle, the mucosa of epiglottis, larynx, trachea, in the interstitium of the lung, and ecchymosis in the left kidney). Some other lesions detected were infarcts and haemorrhages in the fundic region of the stomach’s mucosa. In electrocution, haemorrhages are most often located in the respiratory tract, aspect observed in our case too. However, the diagnosis of electrocution has to corroborate the necropsy findings (which are not specific), with some other data such as the fulminant death and inspection of power source.
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