Background : Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries like Bangladesh. Antimicrobial agents are the frequently used drug for its treatment. Periodic evaluation of antimicrobial activity of different antibiotics is essential as the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity may vary over periods. Increasing antibiotic resistance among urinary pathogens to commonly prescribed drugs has become a global reality today.Objective : To determine the prevalence and to find out the causative agents of UTI and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern among suspected UTI patients attending Northern International Medical College Hospital (NIMCH), Dhaka.Methods : A retrospective study was conducted at Northern International Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh by analyzing the records of urine samples collected for culture and sensitivity tests over a period of six months (January 2014 to June 2014). Of the total 878 clean catch mid-stream urine samples collected from suspected cases of UTI patients of all ages and both sexes. Urine specimens were cultured for isolation of microbial agents of urinary tract infection. The isolated bacteria were identified using biochemical test. The diffusion susceptibility test was used to determine susceptibility of bacterial agents to antibiotics. Computerized data was collected from Microbiology department of NIMCH and analyzed by Microsoft Excel Version 2013.Results : In this study, 182 (20.73%) out of 878 urine sample were positive for pathogenic organisms. Of the various pathogenic organisms isolated, Escherichia coli constituted for 85.16% followed by Pseudomonas sp, Acinatobactersp, Group D Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiellasp, Enterobactersp and others. E.coli was found to be most sensitive to Imipenem, Amikacin and Meropenem and resistant to most commonly used oral drugs like Azithromycin, Cefexime, cotrimoxazole and Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin.Conclusion : Mainly Gram negative bacilli is responsible for UTI and most frequent isolated bacteria was E-coli. The most effective antibiotics were Imipenem, Amikacin, Meropenem,all of them are parentral. Majority E-coli were resistant to commonly used oral drugs like Azithromycin, Cefexime, cotrimoxazole and Ciprofloxacin. Therefore the choice of antibiotic therapy in UTI should be depends on the local sensitivity pattern of the infecting organisms.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.7(1) Jul 2015: 105-109
Introduction: Congenital heart diseases (CHD)
Premature infants especially those with birth weight <1500 g suffer from Anaemia of prematurity (AOP) and associated problems. Erythropoietin therapy is a safe effective way to prevent and to treat anaemia of prematurity. To evaluate the effect of short term administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) with iron and folic acid in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates in the prevention of anaemia of prematurity. A randomized controlled trial was carried out at Dhaka Shishu Hospital. Sixty preterm very low birth weight (PTVLBW) babies were enrolled in this study. Thirty were assigned to rHuEPO group and 30 as control. Baseline haematologic values were estimated before administration of rHuEPO. From day 7 of life rHuEPO-200
IntroductionPulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) is an established index of cardiac function and an essential component in the management of patients with congestive heart failure and in critically ill patients. It provides the haemodynamic status in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Several Doppler echocardiographic assessments of haemodynamic variables in patients with advanced heart failure are accurate and reproducible. This noninvasive methodology may assist with monitoring and optimizing medical therapy in such patients. At present echocardiography is the most useful and widespread tool used in heart failure patients with regard to diagnosis, assessment and haemodynamic characterization 1-3 . Mitral Doppler echocardiography provides a simple and noninvasive method of estimating and monitoring PCWP in patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction 3 . Although all mitral Doppler variables were independent predictor of PCWP, among mitral flow velocity indexes deceleration rate showed strongest correlation with PCWP followed by E/A ratio and deceleration time 4 .Several studies using both transoesophageal and transthoracic Doppler echocardiography have found close correlation between pulmonary venous flow variables and left ventricular filling pressures, suggesting that these variables may be more accurate predictorof filling pressure than are mitral flow variables [5][6][7] .Within pulmonary venous flow indices systolic fraction of peak velocities showed University Heart Journal Vol. AbstractThis prospective cross sectional study was conducted in the department of cardiology in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka during the period of January 2002 to December 2002. A total of 50 patients with coronary artery disease subjected to diagnostic cardiac catheterization for evaluation of CAD were studied and the patients were grouped into two groups, group I having PCWP ≥12-<18 mmHg and group II having PCWP ≥18 mmHg. The aims of the study were to correlate the Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) estimated by Doppler echocardiography with that obtained at cardiac catheterization. Among 2D and M mode echocardiographic indices it was observed that ejection fraction was significantly lower and maximal left atrial volume (MLAV) was significantly higher among patients having PCWP ≥18 mmHg (p<0.05). Among Doppler derived mitral flow variables deceleration rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) among patients having PCWP ≥18 mmHg. No statistically significant difference was found between two groups in terms of pulmonary venous flow variables. A statistically significant negative correlation of deceleration time (r=-0.483; p=0.001) and ejection fraction (r=-0.334; p=0.01) and a statistically significant positive correlation of peak E wave (r=0.345; p=0.01) and deceleration rate (r=0.651; p=0.001) was found with catheter derived PCWP. The correlation coefficient between measured and estimated PCWP (from equation 1) was (r=0.678) which was highest. When pulmonary ven...
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