The influence of the vagus nerve on insulin secretion in the dog has been confirmed by studies involving both vagotomy and vagal stimulation. Following vagotomy, a fall in portal vein insulin levels occurs. Following stimulation of both the right and left vagus, insulin levels rise abruptly, peak within five minutes and rapidly return to baseline levels. A small rise in blood glucose, which occurs simultaneously, cannot be blocked by phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent. When given alone, phentolamine stimulates insulin secretion. Atropine inhibits both the glucose and insulin rises following vagal stimulation. Only a portion of releasable insulin appears to be under vagal control. Glucose mediated insulin release and net glucose utilization are not significantly affected by vagotomy. DIABETES 16:443-48, July, 1967. The role of the nervous system in the control of blood glucose and of carbohydrate metabolism has been recognized for over ioo years, ever since Claude Bernard demonstrated the phenomenon of piqure hyperglycemia by stimulating the floor of the fourth ventricle of the dog and producing glycosuria. 1 More recent studies have suggested that certain nuclei of the ventral hypothalamus are also connected with the regulation of blood glucose inasmuch as lesions in this area produced either by electrical or chemical methods result in an obesity associated with hyperglycemia: 2 ' 3 In the study of the precise pathways by which the central nervous system mediates its influence, the importance of the autonomic nervous system has been long recognized. 4 The role of the sympathetic nervous system is that of producing an increase in blood glucose, and the effects appear to be mediated principally
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