Various chemical compounds with natural dietary origins have been shown to protect against age-related disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Such substances are known as nutraceuticals, and they differ structurally, function at distinct biochemical and metabolic levels, and have various neuroprotective characteristics. In this review, we analyzed the evidence from explanatory studies on the effects of selected nutritional supplements on age-related cognitive decline and dementia in humans, randomized clinical trials, and clinical trials. We provide findings from research on vitamins, flavonoids, and other natural compounds that have been researched in AD and may be useful for maintaining excellent cognitive function. In dementia-related therapy, nutraceuticals are not a choice due to a severe absence of high-quality research studies. Despite this, the significant potential for their neuroprotective effects discourages future research.
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